Treat Felis Vomiting
ISSN 2398-2950      

Vomiting

f  felis
Contributor(s):

Phil Nicholls

Ed Hall

Kenneth Simpson

Introduction

  • Vomiting is a clinical sign NOT a diagnosis.
  • Differentiate between regurgitation, retching and true vomiting.
  • Cause: primary gastrointestinal problem or secondary to systemic disease.
  • Diagnosis: history, physical, biochemistry, radiography, ultrasonography, endoscopy all useful aids.
  • Treatment: depends on cause. Print off the Owner Factsheet on vomiting and diarrhea Vomiting and diarrhoea to give to your client.
Follow the diagnostic tree for Vomiting.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Visceral stimulation of vomiting center.
  • Central stimulation of vomiting center.
  • Vestibular stimulation of vomiting center.
  • Stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ).

Pathophysiology

Visceral stimulation

  • Distension of visceral organ/inflammation of visceral mucosa or peritoneum   →   neural stimulation of vomiting center via sympathetic and vagal nerves.

Central stimulation

  • Fear, stress, excitement and head trauma   →   vomiting by unknown mechanisms.

Vestibular stimulation

  • Irregular motion or labyrinthitis   →   disturbance in semi-circular canals   →   stimulation of vomiting center.

Chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation

  • Inflammation in CNS   →   increased intracranial pressure or toxins   →   uremia/drugs/toxins stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone in brain   →   dopamine release   →   stimulation of vomiting center.

Effects of vomiting

  • Dehydration.
  • Potassium deficiency (minor loss due to vomiting - most lost through urine as kidney tries to maintain blood volume).
  • Acid-base balance is disturbed - usually metabolic acidosis. (Alkalosis suggests pyloric outflow obstruction with large loss of acidic gastric contents.)

Timecourse

  • See specific conditions.

Diagnosis

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Treatment

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Outcomes

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Huang-Kornic E (1999) Chronic intermittent vomiting in a cat - a case of chronic lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis. Can Vet J 40 (3), 196-198 PubMed.
  • Steiner J M, Williams D A (1999) Feline exocrine pancreatic disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29 (2), 551-575 PubMed.
  • Guilford W G et al (1998) Prevalence and causes of food sensitivity in cats with chronic pruritus, vomiting or diarrhea. J Nutr 128 (12 Suppl), 2790S-2791S PubMed.
  • Hirt R, Iben C (1998) Possible food allergy in a colony of cats. J Nutr 128 (12 Suppl), 2792S-2794S PubMed.
  • Sullivan M, Yool D A (1998) Gastric disease in the dog and cat. Vet J 156 (2), 91-106 PubMed.

Related Images

Esophagus: esophageal stricture - barium
Esophagus: megaesophagus - radiograph lateral
Stomach: chronic hyperplastic gastropathy - VD (barium)
Stomach: foreign body - lateral (barium)
Stomach: pyloric stenosis - lateral (barium)

RELATED ARTICLES

Acepromazine maleate

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning

Acid base imbalance

Aluminium antacid

Amyloidosis

Anaphylaxis

Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning

Aspergillosis

Blood biochemistry: alanine aminotransferase (SGPT, ALT)

Blood biochemistry: alkaline phosphatase

Blood biochemistry: bile acid stimulation test

Blood biochemistry: creatinine

Blood biochemistry: potassium

Blood biochemistry: total protein

Blood biochemistry: urea

Carbamate poisoning

Cardiotoxic plant poisoning

Cimetidine

Clindamycin

Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diarrhea: dietary

Doxycycline

Enteroscopy

Esophagitis

Esophagus: foreign body

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Feline leukemia virus disease

Feline panleukopenia (parvo)

Feline panleukopenia virus disease

Fluid therapy: overview

Food hypersensitivity

Gastritis: helicobacter

Gastroscopy

Glomerulonephritis

Hematology: leucocyte (WBC)

Hematology: neutrophil

Hematology: packed cell volume

Hepatoma

Hyperlipidemia

Hypokalemia

Ileus

Intestine: foreign body - linear

Intestine: obstruction

Intestine: strangulated obstruction / hernia

Intussusception

Kidney: acute renal failure

Kidney: chronic kidney disease

Liver: acute disease

Liver: cholangitis / cholangiohepatitis

Liver: chronic disease

Liver: cirrhosis

Liver: failure

Liver: lipidosis

Lung: pulmonary neoplasia

Lymphocytic / plasmacytic enteritis

Lymphoma

Malabsorption

Mastocytoma

Megacolon

Metoclopramide

Nephrolithiasis

Nephrotic syndrome

Omeprazole

Otitis interna

Pancreas: fluke

Pancreatitis

Paraquat poisoning

Peritonitis

Pharyngitis / tonsillitis

Protein-losing enteropathy

Proteinuria

Pyelonephritis

Pyloric stenosis

Pyometra

Radiography: abdomen

Radiography: barium series

Radiography: gastrography

Regurgitation

Small intestine: neoplasia

Spleen: neoplasia

Stomach: chronic gastritis

Stomach: gastric foreign body

Sucralfate

Sulfasalazine

Therapeutics: anesthesia/analgesia

Therapeutics: gastrointestinal system

Thyroidectomy

Toad poisoning

Toxoplasmosis

Ultrasonography: GI system

Uremia

Urinalysis: specific gravity

Vitamin D poisoning (cholecalciferol)

OWNER FACTSHEETS

Vomiting and diarrhea

RELATED DIAGNOSTIC TREES

Acute vomiting

Want more related items, why not
contact us

RECENTLY ADDED

Can’t find what you’re looking for?

We have an ever growing content library on Vetlexicon so if you ever find we haven't covered something that you need please fill in the form below and let us know!

 
 
 
 

To show you are not a Bot please can you enter the number showing adjacent to this field

USA
  • 9789 Charlotte Hwy
  • Suite 400-179
  • Fort Mill
  • SC 29707
  • USA
  • +1 803 762 6130
HEAD OFFICE
  • Three Hills Farm
  • Bartlow
  • Cambridge
  • CB21 4EN
  • UK
CONTACT US
STAY CONNECTED
STAY CONNECTED WITH VETLEXICON VIA EMAIL

Receive latest Vetlexicon news and updates by signing up to our mailing list.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Vetstream Ltd © 2021
  • Registered in England No. 05575700
  • VAT No. GB 874037318