Introduction

• Cause: blunt abdominal trauma, urethral obstruction Urethra: obstruction, neoplasia Bladder: neoplasia, iatrogenic.
• Signs: anuria/hematuria; frequent unsuccessful attempts to urinate.
• Treatment: usually surgical repair required.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Blunt abdominal trauma Abdomen: trauma: hit by car (HBC, kick).
• Urethral obstruction: urolithiasis Urolithiasis, neoplasia Bladder: neoplasia, idiopathic inflammation.
• Neoplastic infiltration.
• Iatrogenic (surgical misadventure, urethral catheterization, manual evacuation).
• Can be intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal leakage of urine.

Pathophysiology

• Usually traumatic often associated with pelvic fractures.
• Occasionally iatrogenic,eg catheterization Urethra: obstruction, over distension of bladder during contrast radiography.

• Progressive elevation of blood urea levels.
• Chemical peritonitis: dehydration, hypochloremia Hypochloremia, hyponatremia   Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia , anemia Anemia: blood loss, hypoproteinemia  Hypoproteinemia.

Timecourse

• Die within days if large rupture is not corrected.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes