Tiletamine / zolazepam
Synonym(s): Telazol, Zoletil
Introduction
Name
- Tiletamine/zolazepam combination.
Class of drug
- Tiletamine: phencylidine derivative; dissociative anesthetic; NMDA-receptor antagonist.
- Zolazepam: benzodiazepine; muscle relaxant; modulation of chloride ion transport following binding of the GABAA receptor.
Description
Chemical name
- Tiletamine: 2-ethylamino-2-2(2-thienyl) cyclohexanone.
- Zolazepam: 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,8-trimethyl-6,8-dihydrophyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-7(1H)-one.
- Tilemamine + zolazepam: 2-(ethylamino)-2-thiophen-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one;4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,8-trimethyl-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-7-one;dihydrochloride.
Molecular formula
- Tiletamine: C12H17NOS.
- Zolazepam: C15H15FN4O.
- Tiletamine + zolazepam: C27H34Cl2FN5O2S.
Molecular weight
- Tiletamine: 223.34.
- Zolazepam: 286.304.
- Tiletamine + zolazepam: 582.56.
Physical properties
- Yellow, crystalline freeze dried solid.
- 571 mg active drug as a 1:1 ratio per vial; final concentration after dilution is 100 mg/mL.
Storage requirements
- Store in a cool place below 30°C/86°F.
- Once reconstituted can be kept at room temperature for 8 days with retention of 90% efficacy (Zoletil®) or 14 days if refrigerated (4°C/39.2°F).
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- von Degerfeld M M (2004) Personal experiences in the use of association tiletamine/zolazepam for anaesthesia of the green iguana (Iguana iguana). Vet Res Comms 28 (Suppl 1), 351-353 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Plumb D (2015) Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th edn. Wiley Blackwell, USA. pp 1296.
- Mader D R (2006) Ed Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Saunders Elsevier, USA. pp 1242.
- McArthur S, Wilkinson R & Meyer J (2004) Medicine and Surgery of Tortoises and Turtles. Wiley Blackwell, UK. pp 579.
- Girling S J & Raiti P (2004) BSAVA Manual of Reptiles. BSAVA, UK. pp 383.
Organisation(s)
- National Office of Animal Health (NOAH) Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines. Website: www.noahcompendium.co.uk.