Introduction

• The rationale behind diagnostic imaging of reptile patients is much the same as that behind any species commonly seen in general practice.
• The main aims are to assess bone quality and mineralization, assess fractures, ensure the rapid detection of internal foreign bodies, the presence of masses, as well as the enlargement/reduction of internal organs due to diseases or reproductive activity.
• Many reptiles can be radiographed conscious; however some species may require chemical restraint.
• Horizontal beam radiography is essential in lizards and chelonia.

Restraint

Positioning

Techniques

Normal / abnormal radiographic findings

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Gumpenberger M (2017) Diagnostic imaging of reproductive tract disorders in reptiles. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract 20 (2), 327-343 PubMed.
• Mans C & Braun J (2014) Update on common nutritional disorders of captive reptiles. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract 17 (3), 369-395 PubMed.

Other sources of information

• Girling S J (2013) Reptile Diagnostic Imaging. In: Veterinary Nursing of Exotic Pets. 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell. pp 336-345.
• Pees M et al (2011) Reptiles. In: Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pets. Ed: Krautwald-Junghanns M. Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Germany. pp 300-439.
• Silverman S (2006) Diagnostic Imaging. In: Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Ed: Mader D R. Saunders Elsevier, USA. pp 471-489.
• Calvert I (2004) Nutritional Problems. In: BSAVA Manual of Reptiles. Eds: Girling S & Raiti P. BSAVA, UK. pp 289-308.
• Wilkinson R et al (2004) Diagnostic Imaging Techniques, Medicine and Surgery of Tortoises and Turtles. Wiley Blackwell, UK. pp 187-238.