Introduction

• Local anesthesia is indicated as part of a multimodal approach to analgesia/anesthesia.
• Local anesthesia is used to reduce acute and chronic pain as a result of surgery.
• It is also used to reduce central pain sensitization.

Physiology

Pharmacology of local anesthetics

Indications

Advantages and disadvantages

Drugs and doses

Factors affecting duration and latency

Types of local anesthesia

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• DiGeronimo P M & da Cunha A F (2022) Local and regional anesthesia in zoological companion animal practice. Vet Clin Exot Anim 25 (1), 321-336 PubMed.
• Saldanha A, Martini R, Basseto J E et al (2019) Use of transversus abdominis plane block in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). J Exotic Pet Med 31, 21-22 SciDirect.
• Kang S C, Jampachaisri K, Seymour T L et al (2017) Use of liposomal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in an incisional pain model in rats (Rattus norvegicus). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 56 (1), 63-68 PubMed.
• Sinnott C J, Garfield J M & Strichartz G R (1999) Differential efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in alleviating ipsilateral versus contralateral neuropathic pain in the rat. Pain 80 (3), 521-531 PubMed.

Other sources of information

• Hawkins M G & Pascoe P J (2021) Anesthesia, Analgesia and Sedation of Small Mammals. In: Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents Clinical Medicine and Surgery. 4th edn. Eds: Quesenberry K E, Orcutt C J, Mans C & Carpenter J W. Elsevier, USA. pp 536-558.