Introduction

• Cause: formation of struvite or cysteine stones.
• Signs: stranguria, pain, nausea, anorexia, ataxia, reluctance to move.
• Diagnosis: radiography, ultrasonography.
• Treatment: urinary catheterization, cystotomy.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Stone formation, may be struvite or cysteine, in the bladder -> small stones pass into the urethra.
• Mucoid plugs/prostate cells can also block the urethra and is consistent with prostate changes due to adrenal disease. Prostate enlargement can also produce urethral obstruction.
• In intact males this mucoid plug blockage has been seen by the author.
• Blockage frequently occurs where the urethra bends around the pelvis.

Predisposing factors

General

• Diet containing too much vegetable matter predisposes to urolithiasis Cystitis and urolithiasis.
• Adrenal disease predisposes to prostatic disease and urethral compression.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Outcomes