Oral ulceration
Introduction
- Ulcers of the mucosa anywhere in the mouth, but most commonly on the buccal mucosa or hard palate.
- Cause: stress, systemic disease, renal disease, lymphoma, oral neoplasia, toxin ingestion.
- Signs: visible ulcer.
- Diagnosis: full workup.
- Treatment: treat underlying cause of ulcer; sucralfate liquid, analgesia to soothe ulcer(s).
- Prognosis: good.
Presenting signs
- Visible ulceration.
- Anorexia, gagging, hypersalivation, bruxism, likely due to pain.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- There is usually a history of stress or systemic disease such as renal disease or lymphoma.
- They may also present with dental disease.
- Although ulcers resemble herpes virus ulcers in other species, no virus as yet been found.
- Oral ulceration has been seen with electrocution.
- Ulcers usually painful.
- There may be concurrent tonsillitis Tonsillitis.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Johnson-Delaney C A (2016) Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Ferrets and Other Exotic Companion Carnivores. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 19 (3), 901-928 PubMed.
- Johnson-Delaney C A (2010) Emerging Ferret Diseases. J Exotic Pet Med 19 (3), 207-215.
Other sources of information
- Hoefer H L, Fox J G & Bell J A (2012) Ferrets: Gastrointestinal Diseases. In: Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. 3rd edn. Eds: Quesenberry K E & Carpenter J W. Elsevier Saunders, USA. pp 27-45.