Introduction

• Cause: the adnexa is rarely the primary or sole site of lymphoma, and diagnosis of ocular or periocular lymphoma is more likely to be the manifestation of multicentric or disseminated disease.
• Signs: usually involves the adnexa but may also occur in conjunctiva, uvea, cornea, sclera, or retrobulbar space. Eyelid infiltration and involvement of the conjunctiva and nictitans is the most common form of ocular lymphoma. Orbital forms are usually part of multicentric lymphoma. Clinical signs depend on location of lesion, but swelling, nodular lesions, and hyperemia are common.
• Diagnosis: biopsy.
• Treatment: solitary lymphoma lesions may be successfully treated via wide surgical excision or radiotherapy. Multicentric lymphoma may be treated with chemotherapy or corticosteroids, but this is usually palliative in nature.
• Prognosis: solitary lymphoma can have a good prognosis if found and treated at an early stage. The prognosis is poor for multicentric lymphoma or lesions that have a late diagnosis.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• May be part of multicentric disease; in one report 27% of horses with multicentric lymphoma Lymphosarcoma: overview presented with ocular involvement.
• May be a solitary lesion.

Timecourse

• Variable timecourse; may present with insidious onset or more acutely.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes