Introduction

• Percutaneous aspiration of the bladder for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

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Uses

• Urinalysis Urinalysis :
  • For the diagnosis of urinary tract disorders Cystitis.
  • To obtain a sterile sample for urine culture and sensitivity Urinalysis: bacteriology.
• Emergency drainage of urinary bladder in cases with outflow obstruction Urethra: obstruction if a catheter cannot be passed.
• To empty displaced bladder in patients with inguinal, perineal or traumatic herniation.

Advantages

• No contamination by distal genitourinary tract.
• Less risk for iatrogenic urinary tract infection than with urethral catheterization Urethral catheterization: female Urethral catheterization: male , particularly in patients with previous urinary tract trauma or high risk of infection (hyperadrenocorticism Hyperadrenocorticism , diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus ).

Disadvantages

• Requires cooperative patient or sedation.
• Cannot be performed if bladder empty, atonic, or in patients with suspected bladder neoplasia or emphysematous cystitis.
  Blind cystocentesis (when bladder cannot be palpated) is NOT recommended. In these cases prefer ultrasound guided cystocentesis.

Requirements

Preparation

Procedure

Aftercare

Outcomes

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Comer K M & Ling G V (1981) Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of canine urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis, catheterization and the midstream voided methods. JAVMA 179 (9), 891-895 PubMed.

Other sources of information

• Chew D J, DiBartola S P, Schenck P A (2011)Urinalysis.In:Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology. 2nd edn, Elsevier Saunders, St Louis, pp 1-31.
• Lulich J P, Osbourne C A (2004)Cystocentesis: Lessons from Thirty years of Clinical Experience.NAVC Clinician's Brief, December 2004, pp 11-14.