Introduction

• Canine upper respiratory tract disease is a common problem in general veterinary practice.
• Upper airway diseases are categorized by anatomic location, and clinical signs vary depending on the site of the disease:
  • Nose and nasopharynx:
    • Nasal discharge.
    • Sneezing.
    • Distortion of facial anatomy.
    • Stertorous breathing (snoring).
  • Larynx:
    • Stridor.
    • Decreased tolerance of heat and exercise.
    • Respiratory distress if severe.
    • Voice change.
    • Cough.
  • Trachea and mainstem bronchi:
    • Cough.
    • Respiratory distress if severe.

Nasal and nasopharyngeal disease

Larynx

Trachea and mainstem bronchi

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.

Other sources of information

• King L G (2004) Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats. Elsevier:
  • Matthews K G Fungal rhinitis. pp 284-292.
  • McEntee M C Neoplasms of the nasal cavity. pp 293-301.
  • Aronson L R Nasal foreign bodies. pp 302-304.
  • Mackin A J Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. pp 305-309.
  • Hendricks J C Brachycephalic airway syndrome. pp 310-318.
  • Holt D E & Brockman D J Laryngeal paralysis. pp 319-327.
  • Holt D E Nasopharyngeal polyps. pp 328-332.
  • Holt D E Laryngeal trauma. pp 332-334.
  • Clifford C A & Sorenmo K U Tumors of the larynx and trachea. pp 339-344.
  • Mason R A & Johnson L R Tracheal collapse. pp 346-355.
  • Mason R A Tracheal hypoplasia. pp 355-358.
  • Holt D E Tracheal trauma. pp 359-363.
  • Ford R B Infectious tracheobronchitis. pp 364-372.
  • Norris C R Bronchiectasis. pp 376-378.
  • Kuehn N F Chronic bronchitis in dogs. pp 379-387.
  • Shaw D H Bronchoesophageal fistulas. pp 397-399.
  • Hoover J P & Davis M S Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. pp 400-411.