Introduction

• Dialysis is the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane.
• Hemodialysis is an extracorporeal therapy whereby solutes moves down their concentration gradient from plasma to a dialysate solution outside the body.
• Peritoneal dialysis is an intracorporal therapy whereby the peritoneal surface is used as a semipermeable membrane.
• Peritoneal dialysis is an excellent substitute for hemodialysis when the latter is not available or in small and/or unstable patients that cannot tolerate extracorporeal therapy.
• In veterinary medicine, the most common use for peritoneal dialysis is for the management of anuric acute kidney injury, pre-surgery stabilization of an uroabdomen and associated severe electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities. It may also be utilized for removing dialyzable toxins and in the management of heat stress, pancreatitis and fluid overload.

Indications

Contraindications

Types of peritoneal catheters

Peritoneal catheter insertions

Peritoneal dialysis system

Protocol

Complications

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Acierno M J, Labato M (2011) Preface: Kidney Diseases and Renal Replacement Therapies. Vet Clin Sm Anim Pract 41 (1), xi-xii PubMed.
• Gabardi S, Abramson S (2005) Drug dosing in chronic kidney disease. Med Clin North Am 89 (3), 649-87 PubMed.
• Thornhill J A (1981) Peritoneal dialysis in the dog and cat. Compend Contin Educ Prac Vet 3, 20-34.

Other sources of information

• Hemodialivet: www.hemodialivet.ro.
• Viţălaru B A (2015) Elemente cheie în managementul pacienţilor cu insuficienţă renală supuşi dializei peritoneale. The 10^th International Congress AMVAC, Sinaia, 12-14 November 2015.
• Viţălaru B A, Ştefănescu Alina (2015) Terapia adjuvantă în insuficiența renală la pisici. Cat life, nr.7 (1/2015).
• Viţălaru B A, Micşa C (2015) Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Renal and Liver Failure Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, Volume 6C, pp 392-396.
• Viţălaru B A, Micşa C, Bîrţoiu I A (2014) Peritoneal dialysis: key therapy in kidney failure in small sized dogs. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine 71(2), Print ISSN 18435270; Electronic ISSN 1843-5378, DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-vm: 10737.
• Viţălaru B A (2014) Dializa peritoneală în medicina veterinară. Veterinaria pp. 18-20, CMV România, No. 16, October-December.
• Viţălaru B A (2014) Dializa peritoneală la pisică. Cat life pp. 6-8, SRMF, No. 6, 3/2014.
• Viţălaru B A (2014) Hemodializa vs. dializa peritoneală la carnivorele domestice. Practica veterinară pp 32-41, AMVAC, No. 4/2014.
• Plunkett S J (2013) Emergency Procedures for the Small Animal Veterinarian. 3rd edn, Saunders.
• Eldahshan K (2012) Drugs and Kidney: Clinical Pharmacology for The Nephrologist.
• Donohoe C (2012) Fluid Therapy for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Mazzaferro E (2012) Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult - Clinical Companion Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care. Wiley Blackwell.
• Bartges J, Polzin D J (2011) Nephrology and Urology of Small animals. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK, pp 433.
• Elliott D A (2011) Nutritional Considerations for the Dialytic Patient, Kidney Diseases and Renal Replacement Therapies. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.
• Holowaychuk M, Marks S L (2011) Peritoneal Dialysis. Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University.
• Langston C (2011) Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats. Elsevier.
• Ross L (2011) Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs and Cats. In: Kidney Diseases and Renal Replacement Therapies. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.
• Drobatz K J, Costello M F (2010) Feline Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Michell A R (2010) Renal disease in dogs and cats. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
• Polzin D (2006) Treating canine kidney disease: an evidence-based approach. College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 20, Orlando, Florida, January 7-11, 2006.