Introduction

• By the time the neurological examination is completed, the examiner should be able to localize the lesion within the nervous system.

Clinical signs of disease in specific functional areas

Differential Diagnosis

Ancillary Testing

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Bagley R S, Pluhar G E & Alexander J E (1994) Lateral intervertebral disk extrusion causing lameness in a dog. JAVMA 205 (2), 181-183 PubMed.
• Steiss J E, Cox N R & Hathcock J T (1994) Brain stem auditory-evoked response abnormalities in 14 dogs with confirmed central nervous system lesions. J Vet Intern Med 8 (4), 293-298 PubMed.
• Hopkins A L, Howard K F, Wheeler S J et al (1993) Stimulated single fibre electromyography in normal dogs. JSAP 34 (6), 271-276 VetMedResource.
• Holliday T A (1992) Electrodiagnostic examination. Somatosensory evoked potentials and electromyography.​ Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22 (4), 833-857 PubMed.
• Braund K G (1991) Nerve and muscle biopsy techniques. Prog Vet Neurol 2 (1), 35-56 VetMedResource.
• Shelton G D, Willard M D, Cardinet G H 3rd et al (1990) Acquired myasthenia gravis. Selective involvement of esophageal, pharyngeal, and facial muscles. J Vet Intern Med 4 (6), 281-284 PubMed.
• Spaulding K S & Sharp N J H (1990) Ultrasonographic imaging of the lateral cerebral ventricles in the dog. Vet Radiol 31 (2), 59-64 VetMedResource.
• Thomson C E, Kornegay J N & Stevens J B (1990) Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebellomedullary and lumbar cistern of dogs with focal neurologic disease - 145 cases (1985-1987). JAVMA 196 (11), 1841-1844 PubMed.
• Kornegay J N, Oliver J E Jr. & Gorgacz E J (1983) Clinicopathologic features of brain herniation in animals. JAVMA 182 (10), 1111-1116 PubMed.
• Palmer A C (1970) Clinical and pathological aspects of cervical disk protrusion and primary tumours of the cervical spinal cord in the dog. JSAP 11, 63-67 VetMedResource.

Other sources of information

• Lorenz M B, Kornegay J N (eds) (2011) Handbook of Veterinary Neurology. 4th edn, Elsevier/Saunders.
• de Lahunta A, Glass E (2008) Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 3rd edn, Saunders/Elsevier, St Louis.
• Garosi L S (2004) Lesion localization and differential diagnosis. In: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Neurology. Eds Platt S R, Olby N J. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester.
• Braund KG (2002) Neurological Syndromes. In: Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. Ed K G Braund. Ithica: International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org); document no B0202.0302 (http://www.ivis.org/special_books/Braund/braund1/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1)
• deLahunta A (1983) Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia, W B Saunders.