Introduction

• Cause: avulsion: may result from blunt abdominal trauma.
  In all cases of traumatic injury warn owner of potential complications at time of injury.
• Rupture: ballistic injuries, urolithiasis.
• Signs: damage to ureter may allow leakage and pooling of urine retroperitoneally, and a cellulitis (retroperitonitis) with electrolyte abnormalities.
• Renal function may not be impaired if opposite kidney and ureter are unaffected.
• Diagnosis: signs, imaging.
• Treatment: surgery.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Avulsion: may result from blunt abdominal trauma.
• Rupture: ballistic injuries, urolithiasis Urolithiasis.
• Iatrogenic: inclusion of ureter in ligatures during ovariohysterectomy (OHE Ovariohysterectomy ).

Pathophysiology

• Damage to ureter may allow leakage and pooling of urine retroperitoneally.
• Extravasation of urine is relatively harmless for 24 hours but eventually → cellulitis (retroperitonitis) with electrolyte abnormalities:
  • Hyperkalemia Blood biochemistry: potassium.
  • Hyponatremia Blood biochemistry: sodium.
  • Hypochloremia Blood biochemistry: chloride.

Diagnosis

Treatment