Treat Canis Stomach: neoplasia
ISSN 2398-2969      

Stomach: neoplasia

i  canis
Contributor(s):

James Simpson

Kenneth Simpson

Isabelle Desmas-Bazelle

Synonym(s): Malignant gastric tumor, Benign gastric tumor

Introduction

  • Primary tumors of the stomach are uncommon in the dog and account for less than 1% of all tumors.
  • Carcinomas (50-90% of all canine gastric malignancies) - mainly adenocarcinoma Adenoma / adenocarcinoma (papillary, tubular, mucinous and signet ring cell types), but also squamous cell carcinoma Skin: squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinomas, lymphoma Lymphoma, leiomyoma/leimyosarcoma Leiomyoma -leimyosarcoma, mast cell tumor Skin: mastocytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma Skin: plasmacytoma, fibrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GISTs) observed.
  • Cause: unknown, but dietary factors have been implicated in man, eg uncooked fish, nitrosamine, nitrates and Helicobacter pylori. Long-term administration of nitrosamines and genetic predisposition may be related to development of gastric carcinomas in dogs.
  • Signs: usually mild and vague at outset → chronic vomiting, salivation, weight loss +/- melena +/- hematemesis.
  • Diagnosis: radiography, fluoroscopic contrast studies, gastroscopy, ultrasonography, CT scan.
  • Treatment: surgical resection and chemotherapy.
  • Prognosis: benign gastric lesions - good; malignant gastric tumors - extremely poor.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Long-term administration of nitrosamines may induce gastric carcinomas in dogs.
  • Genetic predisposition in Belgian Shepherds, Norwegian lundehunds, Dutch Tervueren shepherd dogs for gastric carcinomas.
  • C-kit mutation likely to play a role in tumorigenesis of GISTs.

Pathophysiology

  • Most frequent site of tumor, LSA or adenocarcinoma:
    • Pyloric antrum.
    • Angularis incisure region.
    • Fundus.
  • Gastric tumors → +/- metastases in gastric and pancreatic lymph nodes, liver and lungs (metastatic rate 70-80% for carcinomas, 29% for GISTs).
  • Secondary gastric tumors are unusual other than local extension from hepatic, pancreatic or duodenal tumors.
  • Cardia fundus - leiomyoma.

Timecourse

  • Weeks to months.

Diagnosis

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Treatment

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Outcomes

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Amorim I, Taulescu M A, Day M J, Catoi C, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Gärtner F (2016) Canine Gastric Pathology: A Review. J Comp Pathol 154 (1), 9-37 PubMed.
  • Hugen S, Thomas R E, German A J, Burgener I A, Mandigers P J (2016) Gastric carcinoma in canines and humans, a review. Vet Comp Oncol 15 (3), 692-705 PubMed.
  • Marolf A J, Bachand A M, Sharber J, Twedt D C (2015) Comparison of endoscopy and sonography findings in dogs and cats with histologically confirmed gastric neoplasia. J Small Anim Pract 56 (5), 339-344 PubMed.
  • Seim-Wikse T, Kolbjørnsen O, Jörundsson E, Benestad S L, Bjornvad C R, Grotmol T, Kristensen A T, Skancke E (2014) Tumour gastrin expression and serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with gastric carcinoma are poor diagnostic indicators. J Comp Pathol 151 (2-3), 207-211 PubMed.
  • Seim-Wikse T, Jörundsson E, Nødtvedt A, Grotmol T, Bjornvad C R, Kristensen AT, Skancke E (2013) Breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma--a study based on the Norwegian canine cancer register. Acta Vet Scand 55, 25 PubMed.
  • Terragni R, Vignoli M, Rossi F, Laganga P, Leone V F, Graham J P, Russo M, Saunders J H (2012) Stomach wall evaluation using helical hydro-computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53 (4), 402-405 PubMed.
  • Eisele J, McClaran J K, Runge J J, Holt D E, Culp W T, Liu S, Long F, Bergman P J (2010) Evaluation of risk factors for morbidity and mortality after pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy in dogs. Vet Surg 39 (2), 261-267 PubMed.
  • Coyle K A, Steinberg H (2004) Characterization of lymphocytes in canine gastrointestinal lymphoma. Vet Pathol 41 (2), 141-146 PubMed.
  • Easton S (2001) A retrospective study into the effects of operator experience on the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasia in dogs. Vet Rad Ultra 42 (1), 47-50 PubMed.
  • Lamb C R & Grierson J (1999) Ultrasonographic appearance of primary gastric neoplasia in dogs. JSAP 40 (5), 211-215 PubMed.
  • Borgarelli M, Biller D S, Gogin J M & Bussadori C (1998) Ultrasonographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract Part 2. Ultrasonographical identification of gastrointestinal disease. EJCAP 8, 57-65.
  • Kaser-Hotz B, Hauser B & Arnold P (1996) Ultrasonographic findings in canine gastric neoplasia in 13 patients. Vet Radiol 37 (1), 51-56 VetMedResource.
  • Grooters A M & Johnson S E (1995) Canine gastric leiomyoma. Comp Cont Ed Prac Vet 17 (12), 1485-1491 VetMedResource.
  • Fonda D, Gualtier M & Scanziani E (1989) Gastric carcinoma in the dog - a clinicopathological study of 11 cases. JSAP 30 (6), 353-360 VetMedResource.
  • Sullivan M, Lee R & Fisher E W et al (1987) A Study of 31 cases of gastric carcinoma in dogs. Vet Rec 120 (4), 79-83 PubMed.
  • Sautter J H & Hanlon G F (1975) Gastric neoplasia in the dog: a report of 20 cases. JAVMA 166 (7), 691-696 PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • Vail D M, Withrow S J, Page R L (2013) Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Eds S J Withrow and E G MacEwen. 5th edn. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Co. pp 402-404.

Related Images

Small intestine: fimbriation - barium
Stomach: leiomyoma - pathology
Stomach: tumor - barium
Stomach: tumor - barium VD
Stomach: tumor - radiograph

RELATED ARTICLES

Abdominal organomegaly

Adenoma / adenocarcinoma

Anemia: overview

Belgian Shepherd Dog

Blood biochemistry: albumin

Bouvier de Flandres

Chemotherapy: general principles

Chow Chow

Collie - Rough

Computed tomography

Diarrhea: due to diet

Elkhound

Fecal analysis: occult blood

Fibrosarcoma

Gastric ulceration

Gastritis: helicobacter

Gastroduodenal reflux

Gastroscopy

Glomerulonephritis

Hovawart

Hypersialism

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Laparotomy: exploratory

Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma

Lymphoma

Masitinib

Norwegian Lundehund

Omeprazole

Parvovirus disease associated with CPV-2

Poodle: Standard

Radiography: abdomen

Radiography: thorax

Ranitidine

Scintigraphy: overview

Skin: mastocytoma

Skin: plasmacytoma

Skin: squamous cell carcinoma

Soft tissue sarcoma

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Stomach: acute gastritis

Stomach: chronic hypertrophic gastritis

Stomach: eosinophilic gastritis

Stomach: foreign body

Stomach: gastric outflow disease

Stomach: gastrotomy

Stomach: lymphocytic plasmacytic gastritis

Stomach: pyloric stenosis

Sucralfate

Surgical oncology: overview

Toceranib phosphate

Vomiting

RELATED DIAGNOSTIC TREES

Acute vomiting

Want more related items, why not
contact us

RECENTLY ADDED

Can’t find what you’re looking for?

We have an ever growing content library on Vetlexicon so if you ever find we haven't covered something that you need please fill in the form below and let us know!

 
 
 
 

To show you are not a Bot please can you enter the number showing adjacent to this field

USA
  • 9789 Charlotte Hwy
  • Suite 400-179
  • Fort Mill
  • SC 29707
  • USA
  • +1 803 762 6130
HEAD OFFICE
  • Three Hills Farm
  • Bartlow
  • Cambridge
  • CB21 4EN
  • UK
CONTACT US
STAY CONNECTED
STAY CONNECTED WITH VETLEXICON VIA EMAIL

Receive latest Vetlexicon news and updates by signing up to our mailing list.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Vetstream Ltd © 2021
  • Registered in England No. 05575700
  • VAT No. GB 874037318