ISSN 2398-2969      

Small intestine: neoplasia

icanis

Introduction

  • The intestines are a rare site of neoplasia in the dog; account for 8% of all malignancies.
  • Sites: mainly in the jejunum and ileum.
  • Cause: most important histological types are adenocarcinoma and lymphoma.
  • Signs: variable depending on type of tumor present. From chronic diarrhea and weight loss to signs of obstruction.
  • Diagnosis: radiography, ultrasound, or CT scan. Cytology and/or histopathology.
  • Treatment: resection of adenocarcinomas and sarcomas. Chemotherapy for lymphoma.
  • Prognosis: poor for lymphoma, guarded for adenocarcinoma.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • None known.

Benign

  • Leiomyoma.
  • Adenomatous polyp.

Malignant

Pathophysiology

  • Variety of presentations.
  • Ulceration common with adenocarcinoma, leading to hypoproteinemia Hypoproteinemia.
  • Complete obstruction or perforation leading to peritonitis Peritonitis → adenocarcinoma.
  • Benign and malignant lesions are equally likely to cause severe complications.
  • Rarely, some tumors, eg mast cell tumors may release biologically-active agents such as histamine → cutaneous changes or acute diarrhea.
  • Diffuse or infiltrating tumors, eg lymphoma Lymphoma → disturbed motility and malabsorption → weight loss, hypoproteinemia or intermittent diarrhea.
  • Metastatic disease to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, omentum, lungs.
  • Metastatic rate of GIST 7% and up to 50% for adenocarcinoma.

Timecourse

  • Chronic or acute.

Diagnosis

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Treatment

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Outcomes

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Dailey D D, Ehrhart E J et al (2015) DOG1 is a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of canine gastroinestinal stromal tumors. J Vet Diagn Invest 27 (3), 268-277 PubMed.
  • Willard M D (2012) Alimentary neoplasia in geriatric dogs and cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 42 (4), 693-706 PubMed.
  • Gieger T (2011) Alimentary lymphoma in cats and dogs. Vet Clin Small Anim 41 (2), 419-432 PubMed.
  • Dominguez P A, Dervisis N G et al (2009) Combined gemcitabine and carboplatin therapy for carcinomas in dogs. JVIM 23 (1), 130-137 PubMed.
  • Kaneko N, Yamamoto Y, Wada Y et al (2009) Application of polymerase chain reaction to analysis of antigen receptor rearrangements to support endoscopic diagnosis of canine alimentary lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 71 (5), 555-559 PubMed.
  • Rassnick K M, Moore A S et al (2009) Efficacy of combination chemotherapy for treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 23 (2), 317-322 PubMed.
  • Spugnini E P, Gargiulo M et al (2008) Adjuvant carboplatin for the treatment of intestinal carcinoid in a dog. In Vivo 22 (6), 759-761 PubMed.
  • Frank J D, Reimer S B et al (2007) Clinical outcomes of 30 cases (1997-2004) of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma. JAAHA 43 (6), 313-321 PubMed.
  • Maas C P, ter Haar G, van der Gaag I, Kirpensteijn J (2007) Reclassification of small intestinal and cecal smooth muscle tumors in 72 dogs: clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation. Vet Surg 36 (4), 302-313 PubMed.
  • Russell K  N, Mehler S J et al (2007) Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990-2003). JAVMA 230 (9), 1329-1333 PubMed.
  • Sako T, Uchida E, Okamoto M et al (2003) Immunohistochemical evaluation of a malignant intestinal carcinoid in a dog. Vet Pathol 40 (2), 212-215 PubMed.
  • Paoloni M C, Penninck D G & Moore A S (2002) Ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings in 21 dogs with intestinal adenocarcinoma. Vet Radiology & Ultrasound 43 (6), 562-7 PubMed.
  • Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, Matsunaga S, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N (2000) Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1997). JAVMA 216 (2), 222-226 PubMed.
  • Crawshaw J, Berg J et al (1998) Prognosis for dogs with nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors treated by surgical excision. JAAHA 34 (6), 451-456 PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • Vail D M, Withrow S J, Page R L (2013) Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Withrow S J & MacEwen E G (eds). 5th edn. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Co., pp 412-423.
  • (1996) The small intestine. In: BSAVA Manual of Canine & Feline Gastroenterology. J W Simpson, E Hall & D Thomas (eds). BSAVA Cheltenham. p 153.
  • (1996) Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. In:Strombeck's Small Animal Gastroenterology. 3rd edn, W B Saunders, Philadelphia. p 519.
  • Head K W & Else R W (1981) Neoplasia and allied conditions of the canine small intestine. Veterinary Annual 21st Edition. pp 190-207.

Related Images

Want more related items, why not
contact us

Can’t find what you’re looking for?

We have an ever growing content library on Vetlexicon so if you ever find we haven't covered something that you need please fill in the form below and let us know!

 
 
 
 

To show you are not a Bot please can you enter the number showing adjacent to this field