Introduction

• One of the most common causes of dermatoses in dogs.
• Cause: parasitic infection.
• Signs: mild to severe skin lesions +/- systemic involvement, pruritus.
• Diagnosis: skin scrapes, identification of parasite, response to treatment.
• Treatment: effective use of antiparasitic agent.
• Prognosis: good with effective treatment.
• Non-parasitic insects can also be implicated.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Dermanyssus gallinae Dermanyssus gallinae.
• Lynxacarus radovski(very rare in the dog, not in UK).
• Trombiculaspp Neotrombicula autumnalis , trombiculiasis Skin: neotrombicula autumnalis infestation.
• Otodectes cynotis Ear: parasitic otitis.
• Pneumonyssoides caninum.
• Cheyletiella yasguri Cheyletiella yasguri , cheyletiellosis Skin: cheyletiellosis.
• Demodex canis Demodex canis , demodicosis Skin: demodectic mange.
• Sarcoptes scabieivar.canis Sarcoptes scabiei , sarcoptic mange, canine scabies Skin: sarcoptic mange.

• Lice Pulex irritans , pediculosis Skin: pediculosis.
• Fleas Skin: flea bite hypersensitivity.
• Fly dermatitis.
• Mosquito dermatitis.
• Myiasis Myiasis.
• Cuterebraspp infestation.

• Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum(not seen in UK),Uncinaria stencephala, ancyostomiasis and uncinariasis, hookworm dermatitis.
• Pelodera strongyloides, pelodera dermatitis (not in UK).
• Strongyloides stercoralis, strongyloides stercoralis-like infection (one report, not in UK).
• Anatrichosoma cutaneum, anatrichosomiasis (only in Africa).
• Schistosomiasis (not in UK).
• Dracunculusspp, dracunculiasis (not in UK).
• Dirofilaria immitus, dirofilariasis Canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis (rare in UK - not endemic).
• Taenia crassiceps(one report, USA).
• Habronemiaspp (one report, USA).
• Gnathostoma spinigerum(one report, Australia).
• Lagochiascaris major(one report, Brazil).

• Argasid (soft) ticks Skin: parasitic disease - overview.
• Ixodid (hard) ticks Ixodes canisuga.

• Rickettsia rickettsii, Rocky mountain spotted fever (USA only).

• Leishmania canis Leishmania infantum , leishmaniasis Canine leishmaniosis (in imported dogs from Mediterranean countries).
• Caryosporaspp, canine caryosporosis (USA).
• Neospora caninum Neospora caninum , canine neosporosis Neosporosis (USA).
• Sarcocystisspp , canine sarcocystosis (USA).
• Babesiaspp, canine babesiosis Babesia canis.

• Environmental mites, egDermatophagoides pteronyssinus,Dermatophagoides farinae.
• Spiders.
• Bees.
• Wasps , see canine facial eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis Skin: eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis.
• Hornets.
• Moths.
• Ants.
• Caterpillars.

Diagnosis

Outcomes