Treat Canis Neuroaxonal dystrophy
ISSN 2398-2969      

Neuroaxonal dystrophy

i  canis
Contributor(s):

Kaspar Matiasek

Simon Platt

Laurent Garosi

Synonym(s): NAD

Introduction

  • Fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Cerebellar-like clinical signs.
  • Hereditary or congenital in young Jack Russell terriers, Papillons, Chihuahuas, Collie Sheep dogs, Rottweilers, Boxers and German Shepherds.
  • No treatment.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Several reports have suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance.
  • In the Spanish Water dog Spanish Water dog the disease is caused by a mutation in the tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing protein 2 (TECPR2) gene which is involved in the autophagic pathways, axonal transport, and mitochondrial metabolism.
  • In the Papillon, the disease is caused by a mutation in the PLA2G6 gene. The precise mechanism of how dysfunction of PLA2G6 leads to axonal degeneration still remains unclear.

Pathophysiology

  • Current concepts of pathogenesis of both, inherited and physiologic, NADs in dogs suggest a disruption of the axonal transport system leading to a functional transsection of the nerve fiber.
  • The mechanisms by which spheroids develop in NAD are only partly known, but immunohistochemical methods have shown that NAD entails an accumulation of synapse-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and other axonal markers, this suggesting an axonal transport deficit as the underlying cause of spheroid formation.

Timecourse

  • NAD is a monophasic and progressive disease.
  • The velocity of deterioration differs among the affected breeds. In Rottweilers the clinical picture gradually worsens over a time period up to several years; whereas in Jack Russell terriers, Papillons, Chihuahuas and Collie Sheep dogs a more rapid progression usually demands euthanasia within several weeks after presentation.

Diagnosis

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Treatment

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Prevention

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Outcomes

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Degl’Innocenti S, Asiag N, Zeira O et al (2017) Neuroaxonal dystrophy and cavitating leukocencephalopathy of Chihuahua dogs. Vet Pathol 54 (5), 832-837 PubMed.
  • Tsuboi M, Watanabe M, Nibe K et al (2017) Identification of the PLA2G6 c.1579G>A missense mutation in Papillon dog neuroaxonal dystrophy using whole exome sequencing analysis. PLoS One 12 (1), e0169002 PubMed.
  • Pintus D, Cancedda MG, Macciocu S et al (2016) Pathological findings in a Dachshund-cross dog with neuroaxonal dystrophy. Acta Vet Scand 58 (1), 37 PubMed.
  • Hahn K, Rohdin C, Jagannathan V et al (2015) TECPR2 associated neuroaxonal dystrophy in Spanish water dogs.  PLoS One 10 (11), e0141824 PubMed.
  • Fyfe J C, Al-Tamimi R A, Castellani R J et al (2010) Inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy in dogs causing lethal, fetal-onset motor system dysfunction and cerebellar hypoplasia.  J Comp Neurol 518 (18), 3771-3784 PubMed.
  • Nibe K, Nakayama H, Uchida K (2009) Immunohistochemical features of dystrophic axons in Papillon dogs with neuroaxonal dystrophy. Vet Pathol 46 (3), 474-483 PubMed.
  • Nibe K, Kita C, Morozumi M et al (2007) Clinicopathological features of canine neuroaxonal dystrophy and cerebellar cortical abiotrophy in Papillon and Papillon-related dogs. J Vet Med Sci 69 (10), 1047-1052 PubMed.
  • Diaz V J, Dunque C, Geisel R (2007) Neuroaxonal dystrophy in dogs: case report in 2 litters of Papillon puppies. J Vet Intern Med 21 (3), 531-534 PubMed.
  • Tamura S, Tamura Y, Uchida K (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging findings in neuroaxonal dystrophy in a papillon puppy. J Small Anim Pract 48 (8), 458-461 PubMed.
  • Sisó S, Ferrer I, Pumarola M (2001) Juvenile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a Rottweiler: accumulation of synaptic proteins in dystrophic axons. Acta Neuropathol 102 (5), 501-504 PubMed.
  • Bennett P F, Clarke R E (1997) Laryngeal paralysis in a rottweiler with neuroaxonal dystrophy. Aust Vet J  75 (11), 784-786 PubMed.
  • Boersma A, Zonnevylle H, Sanchez M  A et al (1995) Progressive ataxia in a Rottweiler dog. Vet Q 17 (3), 108-109 PubMed.
  • Franklin R J, Jefferey N D, Ramsey I K (1995) Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a litter of papillon pups. J Small Anim Pract 36 (10), 441-444 PubMed.
  • Sacre B J, Cummings J F, De Lahunta A (1993) Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a Jack Russell terrier pup resembling human infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Cornell Vet 83 (2), 133-142 PubMed.
  • Chrisman C L (1992) Neurological diseases of rottweilers: neuroaxonal dystrophy and leukoencephalopathy. J Small Anim Pract 33 (10), 500-504 Wiley Online Library.
  • Evans M G, Mullaney T P, Lowrie C T (1988) Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a rottweiler pup. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192 (11), 1560-1562 PubMed.
  • Blakemore W F, Palmer A C (1985) Nervous disease in the chihuahua characterised by axonal swellings. Vet Rec 117 (19), 498-499 PubMed.
  • Chrisman C L, Cork L C, Gamble D A (1984) Neuroaxonal dystrophy of Rottweiler dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184 (4), 464-467 PubMed.
  • Cork L C, Troncoso J C, Price D L et al (1983) Canine neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 42 (3), 286-296 PubMed.
  • Clark R G, Hartley W J, Burgess G S et al (1982) Suspected inherited cerebellar neuroaxonal dystrophy in collie sheep dogs. N Z Vet J 30 (7), 102-103 PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • Braund KG (2003) Degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In: Braund KG (ed)Clinical neurology in small animals localization, diagnosis and treatment. International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), Ithaca, New York.
  • Lowe J S, Leigh P (2002) Disorders of movement and system degenerations. In: Graham D, Lantos P (eds)Greenfield's neuropathology. 7th edn, Arnold, London, pp 281-366.
  • Ackerman L (1999) The genetic condition: a guide to health problems in purebred dogs. AAHA Press, Lakewood, Colorado, pp 140-141.
  • Summers B A, Cummings J F, De Lahunta A (1995) Veterinary neuropathology. Mosby, St Louis, pp 315-317.

Related Images

Neuroaxonal dystrophy 01: multiple swollen axons
Neuroaxonal dystrophy 02: spinal white matter

RELATED ARTICLES

Ataxia

Biopsy: nerve

Biopsy: skin

Border Collie

Boxer

Brain: cerebellum - congenital disorders

Cerebellar hereditary ataxia

Cervical spondylopathy

Chihuahua - Long Coat

Electromyography

German Shepherd Dog

Giant axonal neuropathy

Jack Russell Terrier

Jack Russell Terrier (American)

Larynx: paralysis

Leukoencephalomyelopathy

Magnetic resonance imaging: brain

Neurological examination

Papillon

Rottweiler

Spanish Water Dog

Storage disease

Want more related items, why not
contact us

RECENTLY ADDED

Can’t find what you’re looking for?

We have an ever growing content library on Vetlexicon so if you ever find we haven't covered something that you need please fill in the form below and let us know!

 
 
 
 

To show you are not a Bot please can you enter the number showing adjacent to this field

USA
  • 9789 Charlotte Hwy
  • Suite 400-179
  • Fort Mill
  • SC 29707
  • USA
  • +1 803 762 6130
HEAD OFFICE
  • Three Hills Farm
  • Bartlow
  • Cambridge
  • CB21 4EN
  • UK
CONTACT US
STAY CONNECTED
STAY CONNECTED WITH VETLEXICON VIA EMAIL

Receive latest Vetlexicon news and updates by signing up to our mailing list.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Vetstream Ltd © 2021
  • Registered in England No. 05575700
  • VAT No. GB 874037318