canis - Articles
Lung: pulmonary neoplasia
Introduction
- May be generalized or diffuse.
- Cause: primary or secondary neoplasia.
- Signs: cough, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, other signs of neoplastic disease.
- Diagnosis: radiography, CT scan, cytology, histopathology.
- Treatment: surgical excision, chemotherapy.
- Prognosis: guarded - depends on tumor type.
Presenting signs
- Cough.
- Dyspnea/tachypnea.
- Weight loss - common.
- Other signs of neoplasia.
- Hemoptysis.
Age predisposition
- Pulmonary carcinoma - older animals usually >10 years, no obvious breed predisposition (possible more frequent in Boxer Boxer and Irish Setter Irish Setter).
- Metastatic disease - age depends on incidence of primary tumor.
Cost considerations
- Often requires surgery and/or chemotherapy.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Carcinomas are the most common primary tumors (differently from people a clear relation with environmental factors (cigarette smoke, air pollution) has not been proven):
- Adenocarcinoma Adenoma / adenocarcinoma (bronchial gland/alveolar cell), most common histology type.
- Squamous cell carcinoma Skin:squamous cell carcinoma.
- Anaplastic carcinoma.
- Sarcomas rare as primary disease:
- Histiocytic sarcoma Soft tissue sarcoma (can present as primary/solitary lung mass).
- Hemangiosarcoma Hemangiosarcoma.
- Fibrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma.
- Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma.
- Metastatic disease (more common than primary tumors):
- Mammary carcinoma Mammary gland: neoplasia.
- Hemangiosarcoma.
- Thyroid tumor Thyroid gland: neoplasia.
- Melanoma Melanoma.
- Osteosarcoma.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Marlowe K W, Robat C S, Clarke D M, Taylor A, Touret M, Husbands B D et al (2018) Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 37 cases (2000-2015). Vet Comp Oncol 16, 658-663 PubMed.
- Polton G, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Rossi F, Laganga P, Vasconi M E, Barbanera A, Stiborova K, Rohrer Bley C, Marconato L (2018) Survival analysis of dogs with advanced primary lung carcinoma treated by metronomic cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide. Vet Comp Oncol 16(3), 399-408 PubMed.
- Wouda R M, Miller M E, Chon E, Stein T J (2015) Clinical effects of vinorelbine administration in the management of various malignant tumor types in dogs: 58 cases (1997–2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 246, 1230-1237 PubMed.
- Alexander K, Joly H, Blond L, D'Anjou M-A, Nadeau M-E, Olive J et al (2012) A comparison of computed tomography, computed radiography, and film-screen radiography for the detection of canine pulmonary nodules. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53, 258-265 PubMed.
- Nemanic S, London CA, Wisner E R (2006) Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 20(3), 508-515 PubMed.
- Paoloni M C, Adams W M, Dubielzig R R et al (2006) Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228(11),1718-1722 PubMed.
- Ahrar K, Price R E, Wallace M J et al (2003) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung tumors in a large animal model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14(8), 1037-1043 PubMed.
- DeBerry J D, Norris C R, Samii V F et al (2002) Correlation between fine-needle aspiration cytopathology and histopathology of the lung in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38(4), 327-336 PubMed.
- McNiel E A, Ogilvie G K, Powers B E et al (1997) Evaluation of prognostic factors for dogs with primary lung tumors 67 cases (1985 - 1992). JAVMA 211 (11), 1422-1427 PubMed.
- Ogilvie G K, Weigel R M, Haschek W M et al (1989) Prognostic factors for tumor remission and survival in dogs after surgery for primary lung tumors 76 cases (1975-1985). JAVMA 195 (1), 109-12 PubMed.
- Ogilvie G K, Hashek W M, Withrow S J et al (1989) Classification of primary lung tumors in dogs - 210 cases (1975-1985). JAVMA 195 (1), 106-8 PubMed.
- Mehlhaff C J, Mooney S (1985) Primary pulmonary neoplasia in the dog and cat. VCNA 15 (5), 1061-7 PubMed.