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Lung: contusion
Synonym(s): Traumatic lung injury, pulmonary contusion
Introduction
- Lung contusion with hemorrhage and alveolar and interstitial edema Lung: pulmonary edema.
- Cause: blunt trauma.
- Signs: depend on severity; commonly dyspnea, tachypnea, harsh adventitious breath sounds.
- Diagnosis: clinical signs and radiology.
- Treatment: supportive, cage rest, unless hemothorax or rib fractures.
- Prognosis: guarded if hemoptysis.
Presenting signs
- History of (blunt) trauma.
- Dyspnea.
- Tachypnea.
- Hemoptysis (very severe cases).
Special risks
- Bite wounds often contaminated with a variety of unpredictable organisms.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Blunt trauma.
Pathophysiology
- Bruising of the lung with consequent hemorrhage and edema of the alveoli and interstitial spaces.
- Occurs as a result of blunt trauma and is sometimes associated with rib fractures.
- Respiratory signs develop from ventilation-perfusion abnormalities Ventilation-perfusion mismatching as alveoli become filled with fluid or collapse. Cardiovascular shock Shock: cardiogenic , pain, pneumothorax Pneumothorax , hemothorax Hemothorax , rib fractures, diaphragmatic hernias Diaphragm: traumatic hernia , and traumatic myocarditis Heart: myocarditis may also occur.
Timecourse
- Acute or subacute. (Note that deterioration may occur for up to 24 hours following the traumatic incident.)
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Sigrist N E, Doherr M G & Spreng D E (2004) Clinical findings and diagnostic value of post traumatic thoracic radiographs in dogs and cats with blunt trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 14 (4), 259-268 VetMedResource.
- Houlten J E F & Dyce J (1992) Does fracture pattern influence thoracic trauma? A study of 300 canine cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 5 (3), 90-92 VetMedResource.
- Tamas P M et al (1985) Thoracic trauma in dogs and cats presented for forelimb fractures. JAAHA 21 (2), 161-166 VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Hawkins E C (2000)Pulmonary parenchymal diseases.In:Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine.5th edn. Ettinger S J & Feldman E C (eds). W B Saunders, Philadelphia. pp 1061-1091.