Introduction

• Kidneys are relatively protected by surrounding sublumbar muscles and ribs.
• Cause: most injuries from road traffic accidents (RTA)/hit by car (HBC).
  In all cases of traumatic injury warn owner of potential complications at time of injury.
• Signs: degree of injury determines pathophysiology, signs and management.
• Diagnosis: imaging techniques.
• Treatment: severe trauma requires urgent fluid replacement and possible nephrectomy.
• Prognosis: good in mild cases; guarded if trauma is severe.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Surrounding structures (sublumbar muscles and ribs) can cause damage.
• Kidney 'whiplashed' about its hilar structures to collide with these structures.

• Cause direct renal damage.
• Compromise renal blood supply.

• May cause direct renal damage.
• Secondary infection can result in renal complications.

Pathophysiology

• Subcapsular hematoma.
• Parenchymal rupture.
• Renal crushing.
• Avulsion of vessels/ureter.
• Variable hemorrhage and hypovolemia.
• Urine leakage and retroperitonitis.

Timecourse

• Severe injuries acute (within hours).
• More chronic signs may develop over days-weeks.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes