Introduction

• Very uncommon in dogs.
• Cause: unclear; rapid deterioration in kidney function associated with fulminant liver failure, either acute or chronic/end-staged.
• Treatment: intensive supportive therapy.
• Prognosis: very poor.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Any cause of liver failure: end-stage chronic disease Liver: chronic disease - overview or acute hepatic injury.
• Some toxins/infectious agents cause both renal and hepatic failure, eg inhalation anesthesia Anesthesia: maintenance , leptospirosis Leptospirosis.

Predisposing factors

• Failure to support circulatory function in patient with fulminant hepatic failure.

Pathophysiology

• Fulminant hepatitic failure → severe loss of liver function → hemorrhage, sepsis, circulatory shock → prerenal ischemia → intense renal vasoconstriction → acute tubular necrosis → azotemia, oliguria/anuria.

Timecourse

• Acute.
• Associated/underlying liver disease may be chronic.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes