Treat Canis Gastritis: helicobacter
ISSN 2398-2969      

Gastritis: helicobacter

i  canis
Contributor(s):

Ken Harkin

Rance Sellon

James Simpson

Mellora Sharman

Introduction

  • Still controversy as to whether Helicobacter causes disease in domestic carnivores.
  • Cause: spiral bacteria in the genus Helicobacter - Helicobacter felis Helicobacter spp , Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salomonis; Helicobacter heilmannii believed to be non-pathogenic form.
  • Signs: most infected animals are asymptomatic, however helicobacters have been associated with chronic vomiting, abdominal pain, pica, and anorexia.
  • Diagnosis: brush cytology, histological examination, urease test.
  • Treatment: antibiotics with or without H2 blocker or proton pump inhibitor.
  • Prognosis: reasonable with appropriate therapy - may relapse.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Helicobacter spp may → chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, adenocarcinoma (not proven) in dogs. However, organisms are also very commonly found in clinically healthy dogs.
  • Clinical presentation might therefore be unrelated to the presence of helicobacters, and instead result from other causes of chronic vomiting. 
  • Further studies are required to confirm clinical importance of Helicobacter spp.

Pathophysiology

  • Helicobacter felis Helicobacter spp appears to be potentially more pathogenic but it is not clear if other Helicobacter species contribute to clinical disease. Helicobacter heilmannii may be non-pathogenic and is isolated from many normal dogs.
  • It is common for dogs to be infected by multiple different Helicobacter spp or different strains of the same Helicobacter spp, particularly H. heilmannii.
  • Previous studies suggest 70-100% of pet dogs harbor Helicobacter spp, depending upon the method of detection used, often with no clinical or histopathologic evidence of gastritis.
  • Organisms colonize parietal (gastric acid-secreting) cells and gastric mucosa → produce urease to convert urea to ammonia and produce alkaline micro-environment.
  • Potentially break down in gastric mucosal barrier.
  • Potentially induces secondary gastritis.
  • Gastritis becomes more advanced → atrophic gastritis.
  • Might be associate with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and/or the development of MALT lymphoma. This remains controversial in canines.

Diagnosis

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Treatment

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Outcomes

This article is available in full to registered subscribers

Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Sharman M J, Bacci B, Simpson K, Mansfield C S (2016) Comparison of in vivo confocal endomicroscopy with other diagnostic modalities to detect intracellular helicobacters. Vet J 213, 78-83 PubMed.
  • Harbour S, Sutton P (2008) Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Helicobacter infections of veterinary animals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 122, 191-203 PubMed.
  • Leib M S, Duncan R B, Ward D L (2007) Triple antimicrobial therapy and acid suppression in dogs with chronic vomiting and gastric Helicobacter spp. JVIM 21, 1185-1192 PubMed.
  • Simpson J (2005) Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats: to treat or not to treat? In Practice 27, 204-207 VetMedResource.
  • Simpson K W et al (1999) Gastric function in dogs with naturally acquired gastric Helicobacter spp. infection. J Vet Int Med 13 (6), 507-15 PubMed.
  • Jenkins C & Bassett J R (1997) Helicobacter infection. Comp Cont Ed Prac Vet 19 (3), 267-279 VetMedResource.
  • Lecoindre P, Chevallier M, Peyrol S, Boude M, Ferrero R L & Labigne A (1997) Pathogenic role of gastric Helicobacter sp in domestic carnivores. Vet Res 28 (3), 201-215 PubMed.
  • Happonen I, Saari S, Castren L, Tyni O, Hanninen M L & Westermarck E (1996) Comparison of diagnostic methods for detecting gastric Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs and cats. J Comp Path 115 (2), 117-127 PubMed.
  • Beyer et al (1993) Occurrence of spiral-shaped bacteria in gastric biopsies in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 133 (1), 18-19 PubMed.
  • Hills B A (1993) Gastric mucosal barrier: evidence for Helicobacter pylori infesting gastric surfactant and deriving protection from it. Gut 34 (5), 588-93 PubMed.
  • Eaton et al (1992) Gastritis associated with gastric bacteria in asymptomatic - random source of dogs. Vet Pathol 29, 454.
  • Lee A, Krakowka S, Fox J G et al (1992) Role of Helicobacter felis in chronic canine gastritis. Vet Pathol 29 (6), 487-491 PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • Sharman M J (2015) Helicobacter: an exploration of therapeutics, homeostatic mechanisms and the application of the novel diagnostic technique, confocal endomicroscopy. University of Melbourne, PhD Thesis. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/56341. 
  • Tennant B (1996) Scientific information document on Helicobacter pylori. JSAP 37, 609-610.
  • Fox J G (1995) Helicobacter-associated gastric disease in ferrets, dogs and cats. In: Current Veterinary Therapy X. Philadelphia: W B Saunders. pp 720-723.

RELATED ARTICLES

Amoxicillin

Bismuth salts

Clarithromycin

Doxycycline

Famotidine

Food allergy testing

Gastric ulceration

Helicobacter spp

Hypoadrenocorticism

Inflammatory bowel disease: overview

Metronidazole

Omeprazole

Polymerase chain reaction

Ranitidine

Stomach: chronic gastritis

Stomach: foreign body

Stomach: neoplasia

Sucralfate

Vomiting

Want more related items, why not
contact us

RECENTLY ADDED

Can’t find what you’re looking for?

We have an ever growing content library on Vetlexicon so if you ever find we haven't covered something that you need please fill in the form below and let us know!

 
 
 
 

To show you are not a Bot please can you enter the number showing adjacent to this field

USA
  • 9789 Charlotte Hwy
  • Suite 400-179
  • Fort Mill
  • SC 29707
  • USA
  • +1 803 762 6130
HEAD OFFICE
  • Three Hills Farm
  • Bartlow
  • Cambridge
  • CB21 4EN
  • UK
CONTACT US
STAY CONNECTED
STAY CONNECTED WITH VETLEXICON VIA EMAIL

Receive latest Vetlexicon news and updates by signing up to our mailing list.

SUBSCRIBE
  • Vetstream Ltd © 2021
  • Registered in England No. 05575700
  • VAT No. GB 874037318