Introduction

• Cause: spontaneous.
• 2-5 months old, especially German Shepherd dog .
• Signs: hyperextension of carpus.
• Diagnosis: signs.
• Treatment: controlled exercise to improve muscle tone + dietary control to avoid obesity +/- excessively rapid growth.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Developmental.
• Possibly a combination of over-nutrition and lack of exercise.

Pathophysiology

• Developmental abnormality - hyperextension of carpal joint.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes