canis - Articles
Canine influenza virus
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Orthomyxoviridae, Type A (based on core proteins), Subtype H3N8 (based on surface glycoproteins); strains identified by geographic origin, host, year of isolation, and serial number. Subtype H3N2 emerged in US in 2014 from Korea. Believed to have originated in birds. First appeared in Asia around 2005-6.
Print off the owner factsheet on Canine influenza to give to your client.
Etymology
- Greek: orthos (straight) and myxa (mucus).
Distribution
- Serologic evidence indicates Influenza Virus H3N8 appeared in dogs in 2000/2001. It was first identified in 2004 in racing Greyhounds in Florida.
- It has also been identified in many states in the USA with greyhound racetracks. The virus has been identified in various states across the US both in pet dogs and dogs in US rescue shelters.
- H3N2 emerged in dogs in Asia in around 2005-6; first detected in US in 2014. Initial area of occurrence was Chicago then spread to other states in US. Occurs in pet dogs and cats, particularly those in shelter or kennel settings.
Significance
- Associated with respiratory tract disease; may resemble kennel cough Acute infectious tracheobronchitis; has the potential to contribute to or cause severe hemorrhagic pneumonia.
- It has been identified in pet dogs and shelter dogs in addition to dogs at racetracks (H3N8) and kennels/boarding facilities (H3N2).
- Both subtypes are highly contagious.
Active Forms
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Chen Y, Trovão N S, Wang G et al (2018) Emergence and Evolution of Novel Reassortant Influenza A Viruses in Canines in Southern China. MBio 9 (3) PubMed.
- Zhu H, Hughes J, Murcia P R (2015) Origins and evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 canine influenza virus. J Virol 89 (10), 5406-5418 PubMed.
- Deshpande M S, Jirjis F F, Tubbs A L et al (2009) Evaluation of the efficacy of a canine influenza virus (H3N8) in dogs following experimental challenge. Vet Ther 10 (3), 103-112 PubMed.
- Deshpande M S, Abdelmagid O, Tubbs A et al (2009) Experimental reproduction of canine influenza virus H3N8 infection in young puppies. Vet Ther 10 (1-2), 29-39 PubMed.
- Crawford P C, Dubovi E J, Castleman W L et al (2005) Transmission of Equine Influenza Virus to Dogs. Science 310 (5747), 482-485 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Andrewes Viruses of Vertebrates (JS Porterfield, editor). 5th edition, 1989. London: Balliere Tindall.
- VANGUARD® CIV H3N2/H3N8: www.zoetisus.com/products/dogs/vanguard-civ-h3n2-h3n8/
- VANGUARD® CIV H3N2: www.zoetisus.com/products/dogs/canineinfluenzavaccineh3n2/index.aspx
- VANGUARD® CIV H3N8: www.zoetisus.com/products/dogs/vanguard-civ.aspx
- AVMA: www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/H3N2v-Influenza.aspx; www.avma.org/KB/Resources/FAQs/Pages/Control-of-Canine-Influenza-in-Dogs.aspx?utm_source=smartbrief&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=smartbrief-article
- UF College of Veterinary Medicine: hospitals.vetmed.ufl.edu/canine-influenza/
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: www.diaglab.vet.cornell.edu