Introduction

Name

• Enrofloxacin.

Class of drug

• Antibiotic.
• Antimicrobial.
• Fluoroquinolone.

Description

Chemical name

• 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid.

Molecular formula

• C19H22FN3O3.

Molecular weight

• 359.40.

Physical properties

• Available as clear, yellow coloured, solution for injection.
• Oral solution. 

Storage requirements

• <25°C.
• Do not freeze.
• Use or discard within 28 days of opening.
• In a dry environment.

Uses

Indications

• Enrofloxacin sensitive infections.
• Bovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus Haemophilus somnus & Mycoplasma spp.
• Treatment of acute/ peracute mastitis caused by E. coli E. coli in lactating dairy cattle where herd health history and sensitivity testing indicate its use. 
• Alimentary tract infections caused by E. coli.
• Treatment of bacterial infections secondary to viral conditions.
• Enrofloxacin is effective against many beta-lactamase producing bacteria.

Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Precautions

Interactions

With other drugs

Antibiotics

Combination with Chloramphenicol, macrolide antibiotics or tetracyclines may produce antagonistic effects.

Adsorbents and antacids containing cations (Mg, Al)

• May bind to fluoroquinolones and prevent its absorption; separate doses of these drugs by 2 hrs.

Sucralfate and zinc salts

• May inhibit absorption; separate doses of these drugs.

• Increases plasma theophylline levels (in humans) - monitor carefully.

• Potential pharmacodynamic interactions in the CNS could lead to seizures (in susceptible animals).

• Blocks the tubular secretion of fluoroquinolones and may increase circulating concentrations and half-life.

Withdrawal Period

Adverse Reactions

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.

Other sources of information

• Bishop Y (2005) Ed The Veterinary Formulary. 6th edn. Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN: 0-85369-579-2.
• National Office of Animal Health (NOAH) Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines. Website: www.noahcompendium.co.uk. pp 47-48, 235- 238, 294- 295.