Introduction

Liver function

• Digestive and secretory function, eg bile salts for fat emulsification.
• Metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat.
• Detoxification/excretory function.
• Synthesis of clotting factors and proteins.
• Storage of vitamins and minerals.

Pathogenesis

Clinical signs

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis

Prevention and control.

Differential Diagnoses

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Gomez D E, Dore E, Francoz D, Desrochers A, Pierre H, Fecteau G (2017) Cholangiohepatitis in Dairy Cattle: 13 Cases. J Vet IntMed 31 (3), 922-927 PubMed.

Other sources of information

• Waine K, Busin V & Strugnell B (2019) Getting the Most out of On-Farm Post-Mortems: A Guide for Veterinary Surgeons. AHDB, UK. Website: https://ahdb.org.uk.
•  EclinPath (2013) Bilirubin. Cornell University of Veterinary Medicine, USA. 
• Ok M, Sen I, Guzelbektes H, Yildiz R (2013) The Importance of Concentrations of Sorbitol Dehydrogenase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase and B-Mode Ultrasonographic Examination in The Diagnosis of Hepatic Lipidosis in Dairy Cows. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19.
• Seiichi Kawamura, Kiyoshi Sakai, Naoko Watanabe, Yoshimasa Watanabe, Naoyuki Itoh & Seiichi Higuchi (1989) Bromsulphalein (BSP) Test in Healthy Cows and Cows with CCl4 Induced Liver Lesion. Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Kitasato University, Towada-shi. Aomori 034.
•  Liver fluke contol in cattle. NADIS (National Animal Disease Information Service). Animal health skills.
•  Gruenberg W Fatty Liver Disease of Cattle. MSD Veterinary Manual.            
•  Foreman J H Acute Hepatitis in Large Animals. MSD Veterinary Manual.
• Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges. MSD Veterinary Manual.