bovis - Articles
Bovine herpes virus overview
Synonym(s): IBR, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, mamillitis, abortion, pseudo lumpy skin disease, encephalitis
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Family: herpesviridae.
- Subfamily: alphaherpesvirinae.
- Species: bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), 2 (BoHV-2) and 5 (BoHV-5).
Entymology
- Greek: herpein, meaning “to creep” – refers to the sequential appearance and local extension of lesions in human infection
Distribution
- BoHV-1 (worldwide) Bovine herpes virus: type 1.
- BoHV-2 (tropical and sub-tropical regions). Outbreaks occur in the autumn and early winter Bovine herpes mamillitis.
- BoHV-5 (mainly restricted to South America).
Significance
- BoHV-1 is an OIE-listed disease defined as "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis" Bovine herpes virus type 1, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis .
- BoHV-1 is endemic in the UK.
- BoHV-1 is officially eradicated from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Italy (province of Bolzano), Switzerland and Norway.
- Cattle with antibodies to BoHV-1 cannot be exported to disease free countries, neither can they be accepted into artificial insemination centres. Therefore this disease is a significant barrier to trade.
Active Forms
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Hostnik et al (2021) Review of Infections With Bovine Herpesvirus1 in Slovenia. Vet Sci 8 Link
- Raaperi K, Orro T & Viltrop A (2014) Epidemiology and control of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in Europe. Vet J 201 (3), 249-256 PubMed.
- Del Médico Zajac M P, Ladelfa M F, Kotsias F, Muylkens B, Thiry J, Thiry E & Romera S A (2010) Biology of bovine herpesvirus 5. Vet J 184 (2), 138-145 PubMed.
- Nandi S, Kumar M, Manohar M & Chauhan R S (2009) Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev 10 (1), 85-98 PubMed.
- Van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S (2007) Cell-mediated immune responses induced by BHV-1: rational vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 6 (3), 369-380 PubMed.
- Thiry J, Keuser V, Muylkens B, Meurens F, Gogev S, Vanderplasschen A & Thiry E (2006) Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. Vet Res 37 (2), 169-190 PubMed.
Organisation(s)
- Cattle Health Certification Standards (CHeCS): www.checs.co.uk.