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Amoxicillin
Synonym(s): Amoxycillin
Introduction
In the UK, Amoxicillin is classified as category D (Prudence) by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
Name
- Amoxycillin.
Class of drug
- Penicillin antibiotic.
Description
Chemical name
- 6[D(-)-a-amino-p-hydroxyphenylacetamido]penicillanic acid.
Molecular formula
- C16H19N3O5S.
- Similar to ampicillin, but with an extra hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring.
Molecular weight
- 419.45 g.
Physical properties
- Tablets (50 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg).
- Powder for oral solutions (50% w/w equivalent to 500 mg/g and 100% w/w equivalent to 1000 mg/g).
- Powder is usually white and odorless.
- Acid-stable, beta-lactamase-susceptible.
- Various injectable formulations typically containing a non-aqueous or oily suspension of amoxicillin trihydrate at a concentration of 150 mg/ml.
- Sparingly soluble in water, lipid insoluble.
Storage requirements
- <25°C.
- In a dry environment.
- Self-life and manufacturer's recommendations should be respected.
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Kelley Fann M & O'Rourke D (2001) Normal bacterial flora of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract: A clinical approach. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 10 (1), 45-47 ResearchGate.
- Woodnut G, Berry V & Mizen L (1995) Effect of protein binding on penetration of beta-lactams into rabbit peripheral lymph. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 (12), 2678-2683 PubMed.
- Hillyer E V (1994) Pet rabbits. Vet Clin North Am: Small Anim Pract 24, 25-65 PubMed.
- Lashev L (1986) [Comparative pharmacokinetic research in agricultural animals.] Vet Med Nauki 23 (10), 76-82 PubMed.
- Pujadas R, Escriva E, Jane J et al (1986) Comparative capacity of orally administered amoxicillin and parenterally administered penicillin-streptomycin to protect rabbits against experimentally induced streptococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29 (5), 909-912 PubMed.
- Uematsu M, Ito T, Morishima T et al (1983) [Study on distribution to oral tissues of long acting amoxicillin.] Jap J Antibiot 36 (2), 423-427 PubMed.
- Faiqenbaum S J, Boyle G L, Prywes A S et al (1976) Intraocular penetrating of amoxicillin. Am Ophthalmol 82 (4), 598-603 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Ramsey I (2011) Ed Small Animal Formulary. 7th edn. Cheltenham: BSAVA.
- Carpenter J W (2005) Exotic animal formulary. 3rd edn. St Louis: Elsevier Publishing
- European Medicines Agency (online) Categorisation of Antibiotics for Use in Animals for Prudent and Responsible Use. Website: www.ema.europa.eu (pdf download).