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Blood biochemistry: overview
Overview
- Measuring plasma levels of nutrients, metabolites, enzymes, etc, can provide general or specific data about organ function and disease processes.
- Parameters measured include:
- Total protein Blood biochemistry: total protein.
- Albumin Blood biochemistry: albumin Urinalysis: erythrocytes.
- Total globulin Blood biochemistry: total globulin.
- Alpha, beta, gamma globulins.
- Sodium Blood biochemistry: sodium.
- Potassium Blood biochemistry: potassium.
- Chloride Blood biochemistry: chloride.
- Bicarbonate Blood biochemistry: bicarbonate.
- Calcium Blood biochemistry: calcium.
- Phosphate Blood biochemistry: phosphate.
- Copper Blood biochemistry: copper.
- Cobalt.
- Selenium.
- Lead.
- Iron.
- Urea Blood biochemistry: urea.
- Creatinine Blood biochemistry: creatinine.
- Ammonia.
- Glucose Blood biochemistry: glucose.
- Fructosamine.
- Bile acids Blood biochemistry: bile acids.
- Bilirubin - direct; and total Blood biochemistry: total bilirubin.
- Cholesterol Blood biochemistry: cholesterol.
- Total lipids.
- Triglycerides.
- Glycerol.
- Free fatty acids.
- Creatine phosphokinase Blood biochemistry: creatine phosphokinase.
- Lactate dehydrogenase Blood biochemistry: lactate dehydrogenase.
- Aspartate amino transferase Blood biochemistry: aspartate aminotransferase.
- Alanine amino transferase Blood biochemistry: alanine aminotransferase (SGPT, ALT).
- Gammaglutamyl transferase Blood biochemistry: gammaglutamyl transferase.
- Alkaline phosphatase Blood biochemistry: alkaline phosphatase.
- Alpha amylase Blood biochemistry: alpha amylase.
- Lipase.
- Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TL).
- Acid phosphatase Blood biochemistry: acid phosphatase.
- Glutathione peroxidase.
- Glutamate dehydrogenase Blood biochemistry: glutamate dehydrogenase.
- Hormones: cortisol Blood biochemistry: cortisol, thyroxine; parathyroid hormone.
- Vitamin B12.
- Folate.
- Para-aminobenzoic acid.
- C-reactive protein Blood biochemistry: C-reactive protein.
- Ammonia Blood biochemistry: ammonia.
Uses
In combination
- Biochemical tests are useful only when combined with clinical data from history and physical examination of the patient.
Sampling
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Tests
Methodologies
- A number of different methodologies may be available for any given test.
Availability
- Many tests are routinely available - if in doubt, contact the laboratory to confirm availability of a specific test.
Validity
Sensitivity
- The percentage of diseased animals with abnormal results.
Specificity
- The percentage of non-diseased animals with normal results.
Predictive value
- How well the test performs in a given population of animals (the probability that the result reflects the true status of the animal).
Technique intrinsic limitations
- In general, results of any given test are most significant when interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.
Result Data
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Benson K G & Paul-Murphy J (1999) Clinical pathology of the domestic rabbit: acquisition and interpretation of samples. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract 2 (3), 539-552 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Varga M (2014) Textbook of Rabbit Medicine. 2nd edn. Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, UK.
- Wesche P (2014) Clinical Pathology. In: BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine. Eds: Meredith A & Lord B. pp 124-137. BSAVA, UK.
- Fudge A M (1999) Laboratory Medicine. Avian and Exotic Pets. W B Saunders Co. ISBN: 0721 676 790.