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Kidney: developmental anomaly
Synonym(s): renal
Introduction
- Cause: familial disease in certain breeds.
- Signs: usually asymptomatic, occasionally present with chronic renal failure Kidney: chronic kidney disease.
- Diagnosis: radiography, ultrasonography.
- Treatment: none.
- Prognosis: guarded if chronic renal failure, animal may be normal.
Presenting signs
- Usually incidental finding.
Age predisposition
- Young.
- Adult.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Congenital.
- Familial.
Pathophysiology
Agenesis
- Unilateral agenesis is usually asymptomatic (unless other kidney is damaged).
- More commonly affects right kidney than left.
- In female ipsilateral uterine horn is absent but ovary normal.
If one uterine horn absent at time of spay check for presence of kidney.
Fusion
- Isolated reports but very rare.
Ectopia
- Isolated case reports of congenital ectopia, frequently bilateral.
- Occasionally occurs as a result of trauma Kidney: trauma.
Congenital polycystic disease
- Familial in Persians Persian longhair Kidney: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
- Described occasionally in other breeds, closely related to Persians: British Shorthair British shorthair, Ragdoll Ragdoll, Exotic Shorthair Exotic Shorthair.
Primary familial nephropathy
- Abnormal development of renal parenchyma → immature glomeruli and other inappropriate structures → renal failure.
- ?Not reported in cats.
- Familial amyloidosis Amyloidosis in Abyssinian cats Abyssinian. Also described in Siamese Siamese and Oriental cats Oriental shorthair.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- McIntyre R L, Levy J K, Roberts J F et al (2010) Developmental uterine anomalies in cats and dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 237(5), 542-546 PubMed.
- Bonazzi M, Volta A, Gnudi G et al (2009) Comparison between ultrasound and genetic testing for the early diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Exotic Shorthair cats. J Feline Med Surg 11(6),430-434 PubMed.
- D'Ippolito P, Nicoli S, Zatelli A (2006) Proximal ureteral ectopia causing hydronephrosis in a kitten. J Feline Med Surg 8(6), 420-423 PubMed.
- Reichle J K, DiBartola S P, Léveillé R (2002) Renal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance, volume, and function of cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(4), 368-373 PubMed.
- King G J & Johnson E H (2000) Hypospadias in a Himalayan cat. JSAP 41 (11), 508-510 PubMed.
- Miller R H, Lehmkuhl L B, Smeak D D et al (1999) Effect of enalapril on blood pressure, renal function, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Vet Res 60 (12), 1516-1525 PubMed.
- Johnson C A (1979) Renal ectopia in a cat - a case report and literature review. JAAHA 15 (5), 599-602 VetMedResource.
- Robinson G W (1965) Uterus unicornis and unilateal renal agenesis in a cat. JAVMA 147 (5), 516-8 PubMed.