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Eye: intraocular mass
Introduction
- Cause: spontaneous and solitary or part of multisystemic disease process.
- Signs: change in appearance of eye, pain, visual deficits.
- Diagnosis: clinical examination, ultrasonography, cytology, histopathology.
- Treatment: enucleation, surgical excision, chemotherapy.
- Prognosis: guarded-poor, often malignant.
Presenting signs
- 'Red eye' or 'cloudy eye'.
- Visual deficits.
- Corneal edema.
- Anterior uveitis Anterior uvea: traumatic uveitis.
- Glaucoma Glaucoma.
- Ocular/periocular swelling.
- Intraocular hemorrhage.
- Ocular pain.
Acute presentation
- Ocular/periocular swelling.
- 'Red eye' or 'cloudy eye'.
- Blindness Blindness.
- Ocular pain.
Age predisposition
- Usually a disease of older cats.
Cost considerations
- Chemotherapy expensive.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Primary neoplasia:
- Diffuse iris melanoma Melanoma Eye: uveal melanoma.
- Intraocular sarcoma Sarcoma.
- Ciliary adenoma.
- Ciliary adenocarcinoma Adenoma / adenocarcinoma.
- Secondary (metastatic) neoplasia:
- Lymphoma Lymphoma.
- Angioinvasive pulmonary carcinoma Lung: pulmonary neoplasia.
Predisposing factors
General
- Older cats.
Pathophysiology
- Primary neoplasia:
- Diffuse iris melanoma
.
- Most common primary intraocular neoplasm.
- Malignant transformation of benign iris melanosis.
- Malignant with high metastatic rate reported.
- Feline intraocular sarcoma
:
- Usually associated with history of previous intraocular trauma or surgery.
- Highly malignant.
- 3 variants: spindle cell, beta lymphoma-associated and osteosarcoma/chondrosarcoma-associated.
- Ciliary adenoma and adenocarcinoma
:
- Typically arise in pars plicata of ciliary body.
- Usually slow-growing and metastasis is uncommon.
- Diffuse iris melanoma
- Seconary (metastatic) neoplasia:
- Lymphoma
:
- Usually a result of metastasis from neoplasia within abdominal cavity.
- Bilateral ocular involvement common
.
- Angioinvasive pulmonary carcinoma:
- Emboli of neoplastic cells from primary pulmonary carcinoma.
- Choroidal infarction and subsequent retinal degeneration.
- Lymphoma
- Neoplasia may also invade globe by spread from contiguous structures, eg squamous cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma.
Timecourse
- Weeks to months.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Ota-Kuroki J, Ragsdale J M, Bawa B et al (2014) Intraocular and periocular lymphoma in dogs and cats: a retrospective review of 21 cases (2001-2012). Vet Ophthalmol 17 (6), 389-396 PubMed.
- Goldfinch N, Argyle D J (2012) Feline lung-digit syndrome: unusual metastatic patterns of primary lung tumours in cats. J Feline Med Surg 14 (3), 202-208 PubMed.
- Cassotis N J, Dubielzig R R, Gilger B C et al (1999) Angioinvasive pulmonary carcinoma with posterior segment metastasis on four cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2 (2), 125-131 PubMed.
- Dubielzig R R, Steinberg H, Garvin H et al (1998) Iridociliary epithelial tumours in 100 dogs and 17 cats: a morphological study. Vet Ophthalmol 1 (4), 223-231 PubMed.
- Kalishman J B, Chappell R, Flood L A et al (1998) A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma. Vet Ophthalmol 1 (1), 25-29 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Mitchell N & Oliver J (2015) Feline Ophthalmology - The Manual. Servet. ISBN 978-84-16315-11-6.
- Gould D & McLellan G (2014) BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Ophthalmology. 3rd edn. British Small Animal Veterinary Association.