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Levetiracetam
Synonym(s): Keppra
Introduction
Name
- IUPAC.
Class of drug
- Anticonvulsant.
Description
Chemical name
- 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide.
Molecular formula
- C8H14N2O2
Molecular weight
- 170.209
Physical properties
- Levetiracetam is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a faint odor and a bitter taste.
Storage requirements
- Store in tightly closed container at room temperature away from heat and direct sunlight.
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Lowrie M, Thomson S, Bessant C, Sparkes A, Harvey R J, Garosi L (2017) Levetiracetam in the management of feline audiogenic reflex seizures: a randomised, controlled, open-label study. J Fel Med Surg19, 200-206 PubMed.
- Heller H B, Granick M, Van Hesteren M, Boothe D M (2018) Serum levetiracetam concentrations and adverse events after multiple dose extended release levetiracetam administration to healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 32, 1145-1148 PubMed.
- Bailey K S, Dewey C W, Boothe D M, Barone G 7 Kortz G D (2008) Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy. JAVMA 232, 867-872 PubMed.
- Volk H A, Matiasek L A, Feliu-Pascual A L, Platt S R & Chandler K E (2007) The efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in pharmacoresistant epileptic dogs. Vet J PubMed.
- Chandler K (2006) Canine epilepsy: what can we learn from human seizure disorders? Vet J 172(2), 207-217 PubMed.
- Benedetti M S, Coupez R, Whomsley R, Nicolas J M, Collart P, Baltes E (2004) Comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levetiracetam, a new anti-epileptic agent, in mouse, rat, rabbit and dog. Xenobiotica 34(3), 281-300 PubMed.
- Genton P, Van Vleymen B (2000) Piracetam and levetiracetam: close structural similarities but different pharmacological and clinical profiles. Epileptic Disord 2(2), 99-105 PubMed.
- Isoherranen N, Yagen B, Soback S, Roeder M, Schurig V, Bialer M (2001) Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam and its enantiomer (R)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide in dogs. Epilepsia 42 (7), 825-830 PubMed.
- Isoherranen N, Roeder M, Soback S, Yagen B, Schurig V, Bialer M. (2000) Enantioselective analysis of levetiracetam and its enantiomer R-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide using gas chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 745 (2), 325-332 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Dewey C W, Bailey K S, Badgely B L & Boothe D M (2007) Pharmacokinetics of a single-dose intravenous levetiracetam administration in normal dogs. J Vet Int Med 21 (3), 592 (abstract).
- Patterson E E, Leppik I E, O'Brien T D, Goel V, Fisher J E, Dunn A W, Cloyd J C (2007) Safety and pharmacokinetics of intramuscular and intravenous levetiracetam in dogs. J Vet Int Med 21 (3), 592 (abstract).