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Ultrasonography: eye
Introduction
- Aids both intra-ocular and extra-ocular diagnosis, especially where severe anterior segment lesions negate more conventional examination techniques.
Uses
- Measurement of globe sizes, eg buphthalmos, microphthalmos, and phthisis bulbi.
- Assessment of eye in which anterior segment opacity prevents complete examination.
- Identification of foreign bodies Eye: ocular foreign body
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and masses within the eye and orbit Eye: intraocular mass Retrobulbar space-occupying lesion . - Orbital trauma especially with excessive soft tissue swelling.
- Lens abnormalities, eg cataracts Cataract
, lens rupture, lens luxation Eye: lens luxation 
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. - Retinal detachment Retina: detachment (especially useful if concurrent cataract).
- Identification of vitreal abnormalities.
Advantages
- Readily available in many clinical practices and a conventional 10 MHz linear or sector probe can be used.
- Useful as an ancillary aid to diagnosis.
- Rapid to perform and non-invasive.
Disadvantages
- Expensive to purchase machine and/or specialist probe.
Technical problems
- Basic knowledge of normal ocular ultrasound anatomy is essential for interpretation.
- Near field artifact with curvilinear and sector transducers preclude evaluation of cornea and anterior chamber unless a standoff is used.
Alternative techniques
- Full ophthalmologic examination should be performed in addition to diagnostic imaging.
- MRI Magnetic resonance imaging: basic principles / CT Computed tomography (CT) are very useful for investigation of orbital diseases - MRI gives better soft tissue contrast.
- Radiography (skull) Radiography: skull (basic) may be useful for investigation of exophthalmos Orbit / globe: proptosis / prolapse if bone involvement, eg nasal tumors invading orbit.
Time required
Preparation
- Sedation Sedation or sedative protocol and topical local anesthesia Anesthesia: for ophthalmic surgery may be required: 10-15 min.
- Clipping of the eyelid hair is rarely necessary: 5 min.
Procedure
- Depends on co-operation of the animal and complexity of the case: 10-15 min per eye.
Decision taking
Criteria for choosing test
- See uses.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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