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Celiotomy
Synonym(s): Laparotomy
Introduction
- Surgical celiotomy provides optimal exposure to the coelomic cavity for exploratory, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
- Indications include organ biopsy, reproductive, urinary and gastrointestinal surgery.
- Surgical approaches vary by species and indication.
Uses
- Biopsy of coelomic organs and masses Biopsy overview.
- Determine and treat causes of hemorrhage or effusion.
- Gastrointestinal surgery, including gastrotomy Gastrotomy / gastrectomy, enterotomy and enterectomy Enterotomy / enterectomy.
- Reproductive surgery, including orchidectomy, ovariectomy, salpingectomy and salpingotomy.
- Urinary surgery, including nephrectomy and cystotomy.
- Coelomic lavage in cases of coelomitis.
Advantages
- Good visualization and access.
Disadvantages
- Risks of general anesthesia, particularly in compromised animals.
- Risks of post-operative complications, including infection and wound dehiscence.
- Longer recovery time, larger incision and more post-operative discomfort than celioscopy.
Alternative techniques
- Celioscopy Celioscopy:
- Requires experience.
- Requires special equipment.
- May not give required access for manipulation of larger structures.
Time required
Preparation
- 20-30 min to assemble required equipment, induce anesthesia and prepare surgical site.
- As with any anesthesia in reptiles Anesthesia overview, there must be adequate time to ensure the animal is at its preferred optimal temperature beforehand.
Procedure
- Variable depending on specific procedure.
Decision taking
Criteria for choosing test
- Organ biopsy where celioscopy disadvantageous or unavailable.
- Surgical procedures where celioscopy is contraindicated, does not provide adequate access or is unavailable.
Risk assessment
- Risk assessment broadly similar to that for general anesthesia in reptiles.
- Hypovolemia, dehydration and hypothermia must be corrected.
- Co-morbidities and chronicity of disease should be taken into account.
- Basic bloods including uric acid, TP and PCV should be considered.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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