reptile - Articles
Epinephrine
Synonym(s): Adrenaline, Epinephrine HCl, Neogen, Epinject
Introduction
Name
- Epinephrine.
Class of drug
- Catecholamine with both alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity.
Description
Chemical name
- 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol.
Molecular formula
- C9H13NO3.
Molecular weight
- 183.20.
Physical properties
- White to nearly white microcrystalline powder or granules.
- Very slightly soluble in water, but it readily forms water-soluble salts, eg HCl, when combined with acids.
Storage requirements
- Store in tight containers, protected from air and light.
- Do not use the injection if it is pink, brown or contains a precipitate.
- Stability of injectable solution may depend on manufacturer.
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Gatson B J, Goe A, Granone T D et al (2017) Intramuscular epinephrine results in reduced anesthetic recovery time in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) undergoing isoflurane anesthesia. J Zoo Wildl Med 48 (1), 55-61 PubMed.
- Goe A, Shmalberhg J, Gatson B et al (2016) Epinephrine or GV-26 electrical stimulation reduces inhalant anesthetic recovery time in common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). J Zoo Wildl Med 47 (2), 501-507 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Meredith A (2015) Ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary. Part B: Exotic Pets. 9th edn. BSAVA, UK.
- Plumb D (2015) Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th edn. Wiley-Blackwell. pp 1296.
Organisation(s)
- National Office of Animal Health (NOAH) Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines. Website: www.noahcompendium.co.uk.