equis - Articles
Nasal septum: defect
Introduction
- Signs: abnormal respiratory noise.
- Cause: thickening or deviation of nasal septum. Usually a congenital defect. Other etiologies include trauma, severe respiratory infection, 'cystic degeneration' (nutritional hyperparathyroidism) and amyloidosis.
- Diagnosis: history, signs, radiography, endoscopy.
- Treatment: septal resection. Antifungal medication required if evidence of mycosis.
- Prognosis: fair.
Presenting signs
- Abnormal respiratory noise (often only noticed after initiation of training in cases of congenital deviation).
- Respiratory difficulty at exercise.
Acute presentation
- Abnormal respiratory noise.
- Respiratory difficulty at exercise.
Geographic incidence
- Granulomatous lesions of the nasal septum caused by Cryptococcus spp Cryptococcus spp and Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus spp are rare in the United Kingdom.
- Other causes, worldwide.
Age predisposition
- Congenital deviations do not often cause problems until a young animal commences training.
Cost considerations
- Cost of surgical correction.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Congenital deformity of the nasal septum is the most common finding.
- Other etiologies include granulomatous thickening secondary to evere respiratory infection, 'cystic degeneration' (now believed to be due to nutritional hyperparathyroidism) and amyloidosis.
Pathophysiology
- Thickening and/or deviation of nasal septum.
- Results in abnormal respiratory noise at exercise.
- May also result in airway obstruction and therefore exercise intolerance.
Timecourse
- Depends on etiology.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Gaughan E M & DeBowes R M (1993) Congenital diseases of the equine head. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 9 (1), 93-110 PubMed.