equis - Articles
Carfentanil
Synonym(s): Carfentanyl, R-33799
Introduction
Name
- Carfentanil citrate.
Class of drug
- µ-receptor agonist.
- Opioid analgesic.
- Highly potent fentanyl derivative; reported to be 8000-10,000 times more potent than morphine Morphine .
- Schedule 2 controlled drug; DEA Schedule II controlled substance.
Description
- Administer 100 mg of naltrexone Naltrexone IM for every 1 mg of carfentanil.
- Naltrexone is the antagonist of choice, as it is believed to have the longest duration of action. However, there is minimal pharmacokinetic data in the horse.
- Administration of naltrexone usually causes rapid reversal and standing in equids within 2-6 min.
- Due to long action of carfentanil, renarcotization is a risk. Repeat doses of antagonist may be required. There are no reports of renarcotization in domestic horses, wild horses, zebras or Przewalski horses.
- Treatment of human exposure must be dealt with immediately. Irrigation of the exposed area and must be administered the antagonist. Emergency medical advice must be sought immediately.
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- George A Vet al (2010) Carfentanil an ultra potent opioid. Am J Emerg Med 28 (4), 530 PubMed.
- Shaw M et al (1995) Complication with the use of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize domestic horses. JAVMA 206 (6), 833-836 PubMed.
- Allen J L (1994) Immobilization of Hartmanns mountain zebras (Equuus zebra hartmannae) with carfentanil and antagonism with naltrexone or nalmefene. J Zoo Wildl Med 25, 205-208.
- Caulkett N A et al (1994) Cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine-ketamine immobilization with atipamezole reversal with carfentail-xylazine immobilization with naltrexone reversal: a comparative study in domestic sheep (Ovis ovis). J Zoo Wildlife Med 25 (3), 376-389.
- Allen J L (1992) Immobilization of Mongolian wild horses (Equus przewalskii przewalskii) with carfentanil and antagonism with naltrexone. J Zoo Wildl Med 23, 422-425.
- Haig J C (1990) Opioids in zoological medicine. J Zoo Wildlife Med 21 (4), 391-413.
- Jessup D A et al (1985) Immobilization of free-ranging desert bighorn sheep, tule elk, and wild horses, using carfentail and xylazine: reversal with naloxone, diprenorphine, and yohimbine. JAVMA 187 (11), 1251-1253 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- West G, Heard D & Caulkett N (2007) Eds. Zoo Animal & Wildlife Immobilization and Anaesthesia. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-0813825663.
- Allen J L (1997) Anesthesia of non-domestic horses with carfentanil and antagonism with naltrexone. In: Proc AAZV. pp 126.
- Klein L et al (1995) Comparison of detomidine/carfentanil/ketamine and medetomidine/ketamine anaesthesia in Grevys zebra. In: Proc AAZV/WDA/AAWV. pp 290-293.