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Nasolacrimal duct: puncta – atresia
Introduction
- The most common form of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction Nasolacrimal duct: obstruction - acquired (but still uncommon).
- Incidence: presents often at 3-4 months and older.
- Signs: uni- or bi-lateral ocular discharge and epiphora.
- Diagnosis:
- Nasolacrimal flush.
- Passage of nasolacrimal catheter.
- Passage of fluorescein dye Cornea: fluorescein dye test .
- Palpation and visualization of the nasal vestibule.
- Treatment: surgical creation of a new puncta Nasolacrimal duct: nasal puncta opening .
- Prognosis: surgical treatment is highly effective.
Presenting signs
- Foals usually 3-4 months or older.
- Uni-/bi-lateral ocular discharge Eye: ocular discharge and epiphora.
Age predisposition
- Young foal.
- Prepubertal.
- Neonate.
Cost considerations
- Surgical treatment.
- Medical treatment.
Special risks
- General anesthesia Anesthesia: neonate .
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Unknown but not inherited.
Pathophysiology
- Failure of embryologic development of nasolacrimal duct or puncta.
- The nasolacrimal groove forms as a solid cord of ectodermal cells, from between the lateral nasal fold and maxillary process.
- The lower end grows towards and into the rostral portion of the ventral nasal meatus.
- Normally the entire cord canalizes to form the nasolacrimal duct.
- Incomplete canalization, especially distally, results in an imperforate nasolacrimal system.
- Cause is unknown.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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