equis - Articles
Peritoneal fluid: cytology
Overview
- Cell characteristics vary in septic conditions and with neoplasia.
- Cytology enables characterization of abdominal effusion, and positive diagnosis in cases of exfoliating neoplasia.
Uses
Alone
- Differentiate transudate from exudate.
- Identify neoplastic cells Gastrointestinal: neoplasia (eg in lymphosarcoma , carcinoma, mesothelioma).
- Identify septic effusions (peritonitis Abdomen: peritonitis ).
In combination
- With total cell count and protein estimations Peritoneal fluid: protein to differentiate transudates from exudates and diagnose neoplastic effusions.
- Abdominal tumors in horses are rarely exfoliative.
- With creatinine to diagnose uroperitoneum Abdomen: uroperitoneum .
Sampling
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Tests
Methodologies
- Smear as for blood smear
or alternatively with squash technique. - Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, pour off supernatant and re-suspend.
- Cytospin centrifuge.
- Stain with Romanowsky-type stains such as Wright's or Diff-Quik-like.
Technician extrinsic limitations
- Reactive cells may be difficult to differentiate from dysplastic cells and neoplastic cells especially when there is significant inflammation.
Result Data
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Cowell R L & Tyler R D (1992) Cytology and Hematology of the Horse. Mosby, USA. pp 121-151.