Habronema spp
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Phylum: Nematoda.
- Class: Secernetea.
- Order: Spidurida.
- Family: Habronematidae.
- Genus: Habronema.
- Species: muscae, majus (microstoma) and megastoma (Draschiamegastoma).
Significance
- Larvae responsible for nodular skin or ocular disease; pulmonary lesions caused by migrating larvae have also been reported.
- Usually pruritic (varies from mild to severe).
- May manifest as ocular discharge, preputial discharge or delayed healing/excessive granulation tissue in skin wounds Habronemiasis.
- Adult forms in stomach cause gastritis, which is usually clinically inapparent.
Active Forms
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Amado S, Silveira A K, Vieira F D & Traversa D (2014) Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) larvae: Developmental stages, migration route and morphological changes in Muscado mestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Experamental Parasitology 136, 35-40 PubMed.
- Baldacchino F, Muenworn V et al (2013) Transmission of pathogens by Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae): a review. Parasite 20, 26 PubMed.
- Rehbein S, Visser M & Winter R (2013) Prevalence, intensity and seasonality of gastrointestinal parasites in abattoir horses in Germany. Parasitology Research 112 (1), 407-413 PubMed.
- Whitley D B, Rakestraw P C & Edwards J F (2011) Pathology in practice. Cutaneous habronemiasis. JAVMA 238 (8), 993-995 PubMed.
- Traversa D, Otranto D et al (2008) Identification of the intermediate hosts of Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae under field conditions. Med Vet Entomol 22, 283-287 PubMed.
- Pusterla N, Watson J L, Wilson W D & Affolter V K (2003) Cutaneous and ocular habronemiasis in horses: 63 cases (1988-2002). JAVMA 222 (7), 978-982 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Taylor M A, Coop R L & Wall R L (2016) Veterinary Parasitology. 4th edn. Wiley Blackwell, USA. ISBN: 9781119073680.
- Reed S M, Bayly W M & Sellon D C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine. 3rd edn. Saunders. ISBN: 9781416056706.
- Taylor M A, Coop R L & Wall R L (2007) Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edn. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781405119641.