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Thoracocentesis
Synonym(s): Thoracic drainage
Introduction
- The pleural cavity is a potential space in the normal animal.
- Accumulation of fluid or air in pleural space → pressure on lungs and dyspnea.
Uses
- Aid in diagnosis of etiology of pleural effusion Pleural: effusion.
- Therapeutic removal of pleural fluid or air Pleural: effusion Pneumothorax.
- Enhance radiographic image of chest in cases of pleural effusion.
Advantages
- Simple.
- Can be done in unsedated, standing patient.
- Rapid relief of dyspnea in patients with pleural effusion.
Disadvantages
- Provides only temporary relief if effusion or leakage of air continues.
- Can be stressful procedure for dyspneic patient.
Alternative techniques
- Thoracostomy - insertion of chest tube in cases where repeated thoracocentesis is required, eg persistent or large effusions, pneumothorax or pyothorax.
- This option can only follow initial diagnostic thoracocentesis Drainage: thorax.
Time required
Preparation
- 5 min for site preparation.
Procedure
- 5-30 min depending on: accurate location of fluid/air; appropriate choice of needle size; amount of material to be collected; ability of animal to cope with procedure.
Decision taking
Criteria for choosing test
- Radiographic evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax.
- Prior history of pleural effusion and positive thoracocentesis.
Risk assessment
- The benefits of relieving dyspnea by thoracocentesis must be weighed against distress to patient caused by procedure.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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