canis - Articles
Airway abscessation
Introduction
- Abscessation of the respiratory tract is rare in dogs.
- Cause: foreign body, complication of other respiratory pathology.
- Signs: depends on location to some extent; may include pyrexia, cough, dyspnea.
- Diagnosis: radiography, bronchoscopy, ultrasonography.
- Treatment: antibiotics, surgery.
- Prognosis: guarded.
Presenting signs
- Coughing.
- Malaise.
- Anorexia.
- Dyspnea.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Often associated with underlying pathology:
- Foreign body Airway foreign body , eg migrating grass awn.
- Focal pneumonia Lung: bacterial pneumonia.
- Necrotic tumor Lung: pulmonary neoplasia.
- Parasitic infection, eg filaroides Oslerus osleri infection /dirofilariasis Canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis
- Direct trauma, eg stick injury or bite wound
- Other primary pulmonary conditions, eg chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis
Predisposing factors
General- Immunosuppression or general debilitation.
Pathophysiology
- Abscessation may occur in:
- Upper respiratory tract: larynx, trachea.
- Lower respiratory tract: bronchi, pulmonary parenchyma.
- Focal damage and/or reduced local immunity → infection.
- Infection may spread locally, along airways or via hematogenous route.
- Clinical signs result from:
- Loss of functional pulmonary parenchyma.
- Airway obstruction.
- Loss of functional pulmonary capacity, eg pyothorax Pyothorax.
- Systemic spread of infection.
- Hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy (HPOA) Hypertrophic osteopathy may develop.
Timecourse
- Weeks to months.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Valentine A, Smeak D, Allen D, Mauterer J & Minihan A (1996) Spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 18 (1), 53-62 VetMedResource.
- Salisbury S K, Forbes S & Blevins W E (1990) Peritracheal abscess associated with tracheal collapse and bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a dog. JAVMA 196 (8), 1273-1275 PubMed.
- Sotwater J L & Lamb C R (1989) Ultrasonography of non-cardiac thoracic disease in small animals. JAVMA 195 (4), 514-520 PubMed.
- White R A S & Lane J G (1988) Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog. JSAP 29 (1), 13-35 Wiley Online Library.