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Plastic explosives poisoning
Synonym(s): C4, Semtex
Introduction
- Active ingredient = cyclonite, also known as RDX, chemical names: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-trizine, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine.
- Signs: congested mucous membranes, fever, increased pulse, hyperventilation, hypersensitivity, mild convulsions.
- Diagnosis: history, clinical signs.
- Treatment: symptomatic.
Presenting signs
- Nervous signs: hyperaesthesia, excitement, trembling, tremor.
- Tachypnea, dyspnea.
- Tachycardia.
Geographic incidence
- Where explosives are used, particularly military explosives.
Special risks
- Symptomatic treatment of cardiac and respiratory signs - check for pre-existing cardiac and/or respiratory disease.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Access to plastic explosives
Predisposing factors
General- Seen mainly in explosive 'sniffer dogs'.
Pathophysiology
Experimental exposure (50 mg/kg for 90 days)
- → decreased food intake.
- Dose (experimental in rats) → affects limbic structures →central nervous system (CNS) signs/seizures.
Timecourse
- Signs 7 hours after (experimental) dosage.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- De Cramer K G M & Short R P (1992) Plastic explosive poisoning in dogs. J South Afr Vet Assoc 63 (1), 30-31 PubMed.
Organisation(s)
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control, telephone (888) 426-4435.
- Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS); www.vpisglobal.com, telephone + 44 (0) 2073 055 055.