Plastic explosives poisoning in Dogs (Canis) | Vetlexicon
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Plastic explosives poisoning

ISSN 2398-2942


Synonym(s): C4, Semtex

Introduction

  • Active ingredient = cyclonite, also known as RDX, chemical names: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-trizine, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine.
  • Signs: congested mucous membranes, fever, increased pulse, hyperventilation, hypersensitivity, mild convulsions.
  • Diagnosis: history, clinical signs.
  • Treatment: symptomatic.

Presenting signs

  • Nervous signs: hyperaesthesia, excitement, trembling, tremor.
  • Tachypnea, dyspnea.
  • Tachycardia.

Geographic incidence

  • Where explosives are used, particularly military explosives.

Special risks

  • Symptomatic treatment of cardiac and respiratory signs - check for pre-existing cardiac and/or respiratory disease.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Access to plastic explosives

Predisposing factors

General
  • Seen mainly in explosive 'sniffer dogs'.

Pathophysiology


Experimental exposure (50 mg/kg for 90 days)
  • → decreased food intake.
Convulsant properties
  • Dose (experimental in rats) → affects limbic structures →central nervous system (CNS) signs/seizures.

Timecourse

  • Signs 7 hours after (experimental) dosage.

Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Prevention

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Outcomes

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • De Cramer K G M & Short R P (1992) Plastic explosive poisoning in dogs. J South Afr Vet Assoc 63 (1), 30-31 PubMed.

Organisation(s)