• Selective herbicides that mimic plant growth hormones. Available as soluble concentrates or emulsions. These are a family of chemicals that are structurally similar, that are carboxylic acids in an acid or salt form.
• Signs: common signs include dermal or ocular irritation, nauseas, vomiting and diarrhea - signs are usually self-limiting and respond well to minimal symptomatic and supportive care; high dose exposures in dogs can lead to myotonia; prolonged exposures may lead to renal or hepatic damage. 
• Diagnosis: history of exposure, clinical signs, response to treatment.
• Treatment: detoxification if appropriate, intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and assist in renal excretion, anti-emetic medications for persistent vomiting, bland diet.
• Prognosis: excellent - renal/hepatic damage and fatalities are rare.

Presenting signs

• Vomiting/diarrhea.

• Myotonia Myotonic myopathy (myotonia) in dogs - sawhorse stance, difficulty in ambulation.

Acute presentation

• Mild to moderate exposures may cause self-limiting vomiting and diarrhea for up to 2-3 days.
• Some compounds are moderately irritating to skin, eyes and the respiratory system. 
• Large exposures in dogs can cause myotonia, that typically resolve with basic supportive care within 72 hours.
• Prolonged exposures have been associated with renal or hepatic damage - rare, as well as decreased weight gains and anemia.

Geographic incidence

• Widely used.