canis - Articles
Rectum: prolapse
Introduction
- Eversion of one or more layers of rectum through the anus.
- Causes: persistent straining due to urogenital or alimentary disease, most commonly severe colitis/proctitis associated with endoparasites.
- Signs: tenesmus, rectal mass.
- Diagnosis: differentiate from ileocolic or colic intussusception.
- Treatment: eliminate underlying cause while alleviating immediate discomfort caused by the rectal prolapse. Colopexy may be required.
- Amputation of the prolapsed rectum is the preferred treatment if, on initial presentation, the rectal mucosa is necrotic, lacerated or irreducible.
- Prognosis: guarded due to complications such as strictures, incontinence or leakage from the anastomotic site following amputation.
Presenting signs
- Rectal tissue everted, swollen and reddened.
- Ulceration or necrosis of prolapsed tissue.
- Tenesmus.
- Pain Pain.
Age predisposition
- <4 months or older less commonly.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Most commonly severe colitis/proctitis due to endoparasites.
- Undifferentiated causes are similarly common.
- Additional causes include foreign bodies Intestine: linear foreign bodies , neoplasia of the rectum or distal colon Large intestine: neoplasia , or dystocia Primary maternal dystocia.
Predisposing factors
General- Colitis/proctitis.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Richter K P (1991)diseases of the rectum and anusIn:Current Veterinary Therapy XI, W B Saunders, Philadelphia. pp 613-619.