canis - Articles
Skin: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Synonym(s): Squamous cell carcinoma in situ, multifocal intra-epidermal squamous cell carcinoma, multicentric squamous cell carcinoma
Introduction
- Uncommon (6th most prevalent tumor in dogs), invasive malignant tumor of epithelium.
- Cause: UV induced, papillomavirus.
- Signs:
- Ulcerated, locally destructive, slow-growing and usually inflamed.
- May be actinic in non-pigmented skin.
- Diagnosis: histopathology.
- Treatment: local with surgery, radiotherapy, or electrochemotherapy.
- Prognosis: good if early lesions and/or complete resection, actinic lesions have a better prognosis.
Presenting signs
- Ulcerated, inflamed erosive lesion.
- Sometimes proliferative.
- Predilection sites ventral abdomen (actinic) and flanks.
- Regional lymphadenomegaly (rare).
Age predisposition
- Middle/older age onwards. Median 10-11 years.
Breed/Species predisposition
- Bloodhound Bloodhound.
- Basset Hound Basset Hound.
- Standard Poodle Poodle: Standard for digital.
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
- Actinic radiation, mechanical trauma? or chronic predisposing factors.
- May be malignant transformation of viral papilloma Skin: cutaneous papilloma.
- Actinic change in non-pigmented skin in sun-bathing dogs. Actinic changes reported in 38% dogs with dermal SCC.
- Metastasis of cutaneous SCC are rare (rate of 3.8%).
Timecourse
- Months to years.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- dos Santos A, Ceolin Lamego E, Müller Eisenhardt L, de Vargas I, Martins Flores M et al (2023) Prevalence and anatomopathological characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with regional and distant metastases in dogs and cats: 20 cases (1985–2020). Vet Comp Onc 21(2), 291-301 PubMed.
- Monteiro de Castro Cunha R, Lavalle G E, Camargo Nunes F, Rodrigues de Oliveira A, de Lima Santos R, Baracat de Araújo R (2023) Canine squamous cell carcinoma: Electrochemotherapy association with surgery and correlation with overall survival. Vet Comp Onc 21(2), 240-254 PubMed.
- Anjos D S, Bueno C, Magalhães L F, Magalhães G M, Mattos-Junior E et al (2019) Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin associated with doxorubicin induces tumor regression and decreases the proliferative index in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. bioRxiv 474262 doi.org/10.1101/474262.
- Boncea A M, Cristea A, Bourdeau P (2019) Electrochemotherapy as treatment for generalised squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. Vet Record Case Reports 7(1) doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000787.
- Dos Anjos D S, Bueno C, Magalhães L F et al (2019) Electrochemotherapy induces tumor regression and decreases the proliferative index in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 9, 15819 PubMed.
- Willcox J L, Marks S L, Ueda Y, Skorupski K A (2019) Clinical features and outcome of dermal squamous cell carcinoma in 193 dogs (1987-2017). Vet Comp Onc 17(2),130-138 PubMed.
- Munday J S, Thomson N A, Luff J A (2017) Papillomaviruses in dogs and cats. Vet J 225, 23-31 PubMed.
- Luff J, Rowland P, Mader M, Orr C, Yuan H (2016) Two Canine Papillomaviruses Associated With Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Two Related Basenji Dogs. Vet Pathol 3(6) 1160-1163 PubMed.
- Costa C J, Paiva C V, Ramos D S, Huppes R, Bardoza D A et al (2013) Cryosurgery in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in dog. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal 5 (1), 213-221 VetMedResource.
- Zaugg N, Nespeca G, Hauser B, Ackermann M, Favrot C (2005) Detection of novel papillomaviruses in canine mucosal, cutaneous and in situ squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Derm 16(5), 290-298 PubMed.
- Kitchell B K, Orenberg E K, Brown D M, Hutson C, Ray K, Woods L, Luck E (1995) Intralesional sustained-release chemotherapy with therapeutic implants for treatment of canine sun-induced squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 31(12), 2093-2098 PubMed.
- Scott D W & Teixeira E A C (1995) Multiple squamous cell carcinomas arising from multiple cutaneous follicular cysts in a dog. Vet Dermatol 6 (1), 27-31 VetMedResource.
- Levine N, Earle M, Wilson S (1990) Controlled localized heating and isotretinoin effects in canine squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 23 (1), 68-72 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Withrow S J & MacEwen E G (2020) Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 6th edition. Philadelphia: W B Saunders. ISBN 978-0-323-59496-7 0 (Up-to-date reference on all aspects of small animal clinical oncology).
- Scott D W, Miller W H & Griffin C E (1995) Small Animal Dermatology. 5th edn. Philadelphia: W B Saunders. ISBN 0 7216 4850 9.
- Yager J A & Wilcock B P (1994) Color Atlas and Text of Surgical Pathology of the Dog and Cat. London: Wolfe Publishing, Mosby Year Book Europe. ISBN 0 7234 1827 6.
- Gross T L, Irkhe P J & Walder E J (1992) Veterinary Dermatopathology. St Louis: Mosby Year Book. ISBN 0 8016 5809 8.