canis - Articles
Skin: keratinization disorders
Synonym(s): Seborrhea; Disorders of cornification
Introduction
- Disorders of keratinization or cornification alter the surface appearance of the skin by affecting the structure and function of the epidermis. Proliferation, differentiation and desquamation of the stratum corneum or epidermal lipid formation are abnormal. Hyperkeratosis with parakeratotic or orthokeratotic changes is usual and shows as skin that is visibly thickened as well as being thickened on histopathology. Occasionally hypokeratosis is present - usually visible only on histopathology.
- Keratinization defects also affect transepidermal water loss rates.
- Cause: congenital or acquired.
- Signs: may be localized or generalized.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Secondary keratinization disorders:
- Callus.
- Any dermatosis can have elements of keratinization disease.
- Generalized primary conditions:
- Primary, idiopathic seborrhea Skin: primary seborrhea.
- Ichthyosis Skin: ichthyosis.
- Epidermal dysplasia (West Highland White terrier).
- Comedo syndrome (Miniature Schnauzer) Skin: comedo syndrome (Schnauzer).
- Sebaceous adenitis Skin: idiopathic/granulomatous sebaceous adenitis.
- Follicular dystrophy Skin: black hair follicle dysplasia.
- Vitamin A-responsive hyperkeratosis Skin: vitamin A-responsive dermatosis.
- Sebaceous gland dysplasia Sebaceous gland: hyperplasia neoplasia.
- Localized primary conditions:
- Psoriasiform-lichenoid dermatosis (English Springer Spaniel) Skin: psoriasiform-lichenoid dermatosis (English Springer Spaniel).
- Nasodigital hyperkeratosis Skin: nasodigital hyperkeratosis.
- Ear margin hyperkeratosis Skin: ear margin hyperkeratosis.
- Tail gland hyperplasia Skin: tail gland hyperplasia.
- Zinc responsive dermatosis.
- Canine acne Skin: canine acne.
- Secondary complications:
- Malassezia spp Skin: malassezia disease (less often Candida spp Candida albicans). Yeasts grow well in inflamed and oily skin. Their presence induces keratinocyte proliferation and so there is a vicious circle.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Campbell K L (1994) Seborrheic skin disorders and their treatment in dogs. Clinical Dermatology 12 (4), 551-558 PubMed.
- Shanley K J (1990) The seborrheic disease complex. An approach to underlying causes and therapies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20 (6), 1557-1577 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Miller W H, Griffin C E & Campbell K L (2013) Topical formulation. In: Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology 7th Edition. Elsevier Mosby, St Louis pp 117.
- Miller W H, Griffin C E & Campbell K L (2013) Synthetic retinoids. In: Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology 7th Edition. Elsevier Mosby, St Louis pp 139.
- Miller W H, Griffin C E & Campbell K L (2013) Keratinization defects. In: Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology 7th Edition. Elsevier Mosby, St Louis pp 630.