canis - Articles
Tiletamine with zolazepam
Introduction
Name
- Tiletamine/zolazepam combination.
Only available as 1:1 combinations - Telazol® (US) and Zoletial® (Europe).
Class of drug
- Tiletamine - phencylidine derivative; dissociative anesthetic; NMDA-receptor antagonist.
- Zolazepam - benzodiazepine; muscle relaxant; modulation of chloride ion transport following binding of the GABAA receptor.
Description
Chemical name
- Tiletamine - 2-ethylamino-2-2(2-thienyl) cyclohexanone.
- Zolazepam - 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,8-trimethyl-6,8-dihydrophyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-7(1H)-one.
Molecular formula
- Tiletamine - C12H17NOS.
- Zolazepam - C15H15FN4O.
Molecular weight
- Tiletamine - 223.34 g.
- Zolazepam - 286.304 g.
Physical properties
- Yellow, crystalline freeze dried solid.
- 571 mg active drug as a 1:1 ratio per vial.
Storage requirements
- Store in a cool place below 30°C.
- Once reconstituted can be kept at 4°C for 8 days with retention of 90% efficacy (Zoletil®).
Uses
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Administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Precautions
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Withdrawal Periods
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Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from VetMedResource and PubMed.
- Spada E, Proverbio D, Bagnagatti De Giorgi G, Perego R, Valena E, Della Pepa A, Baggiani L (2015) Clinical and haematolgical responses of feline blood donors anaesthetised with a tiletamine and zolazepam combination. J Feline Med Surg 17 (4), 338-341 PubMed.
- Jang M, Park S, Son W G, Jo S M, Hwang H, Seo K, Lee I (2014) Effect of tiletamine-zolazepam on the intraocular pressure of the dog. Vet Ophthalmol [Epub ahead of print] PubMed.
- Mair A, Kloeppel H, Ticehurst K (2014) A comparison of low dose tiletamine-zolazepam or acepromazine combined with methadone for pre-anaesthetic medication in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 41 (6), 630-635 PubMed.
- Gomez-Villamandos R J, Martinez C, Navarrete R, Morgaz J, Dominguez J, Lopez I, Munoz P, Fernandez A, Granados M M (2013) Romifidine and low doses of tiletamine-zolazepam in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 40 (6), e40-47 PubMed.
- Krimins R A, Ko J C, Weil A B, Payton M E (2012) Evaluation of anesthetic, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects in dogs after intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine-butarphanol-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmetedomidine-tramadol-ketamine drug combinations. Am J Vet Res 73 (11), 1707-1714 PubMed.
- Krimins R A, Ko J C, Weil A B, Payton M E, Constable P D (2012) Hemodynamic effects in dogs after intramscular administration of a combination of dexmetomidine-butarphanol-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmedetomidine-butarphanol-ketamine. Am J Vet Res 73 (9), 1363-1370 PubMed.
- Ko J C, Abbo L A, Weil A B, Johnson B M, Payton M (2007) A comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butarphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butarphanol-medetomidine in cats. Vet Ther 8 (3), 164-176 PubMed.
- Cistola A M, Golder F J, Centonze L A, McKay L W & Levy J K (2004) Anesthetic and physiologic effects of tiletamine, zolazepam, ketamine, and xylazine combination (TKX) in feral cats undergoing surgical sterilization. J Feline Med Surg 6 (5), 297-303 PubMed.