canis - Articles
Local anesthesia: synovial
Introduction
Uses
- To relieve synovial pain.
- To locate painful lameness (diagnostic technique).
- For postoperative analgesia after intra-articular surgery Stifle: intra-articular stabilization.
- Local anesthetics Local anesthesia: overview (ie lidocaine Lidocaine or bupivacaine Bupivacaine ) can be used to provide synovial anesthesia. Bupivacaine often preferred because of long duration of action (~4-6 h).
- Opioids Analgesia: opioid (ie morphine Morphine ) can be used to provide synovial analgesia. Although opioid receptors are traditionally thought of as residing in the central nervous system, opioid receptors are expressed in traumatized or inflamed synovial membranes. The expected duration of morphine-induced analgesia is ~8-12 h.
Advantages
- Minimal systemic effects.
- Anesthesia of affected joint.
Disadvantages
- Limited to large synovial joints (ie the stifle).
- Relatively short duration of action (hours).
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Gaynor J S & Muir W W (2002)Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management. Mosby, St Louis. 273-274.
- Thurmon J C, Tranquilli W J & Benson G J (1996)Lumb & Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 330-336.