bovis - Articles
Enterectomy
Introduction
- Enterectomy is the surgical technique whereby a portion of the intestine is removed and the remaining intestine repaired.
- This description is for the standing, sedated bovine via flank laparotomy Flank laparotomy.
- If full anesthesia Anesthetizing cattle and surgical facilities are available then dorsal recumbency may improve access to abdominal viscera but carries associated risks of anesthesia, bloat Abomasal bloat, wound breakdown, etc.
Uses
- Focal ischemia.
- Perforation.
- Neoplasia.
- Intussusception.
- Infection (bacterial, fungal or phycomycosal abscessation).
- Granulomatous or stenosed segments.
Advantages
- Diagnosis and/or treatment of intestinal pathology.
Disadvantages
- Invasive surgical procedure.
- Anesthetic risks.
- Post-operative complications including dehiscence, septic peritonitis Peritonitis, adhesions, short-bowels syndrome, ileus, abscess, or stricture.
- Abdominal contamination.
Technical problems
- Friable/inflamed tissue.
- Poor closure.
- Difficulties maintaining sterility in the farm environment.
Time required
Preparation
- Preparation/sedation: 20 min.
- Aseptic preparation: 10 min.
- Abdominal exploration and exteriorization of site to perform enterectomy: 60-90min.
Procedure
- Incision: 1 min.
- If evacuation of intestinal contents is necessary: 10-45 min.
- Closure 10-20 min.
Decision taking
Criteria for choosing procedure
- Assessment of clinical signs.
- Presence of likely abdominal event.
- Decision often a subjective assessment of the patient and experience of the veterinary surgeon.
- Prognosis and value of animal may play a deciding role.
Consider whether your farm client has the facilities, time, support and experience, etc to nurse this patient post-operatively. If hygiene, pain, nutrition, etc cannot be appropriately managed post-operatively then euthanasia Euthanasia: techniques may be the more welfare-friendly option.
Risk assessment
- Tissue health and viability.
- Ability to exteriorize and isolate the segment to minimize abdominal contamination.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Procedure
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Anderson D E (2008) Surgical diseases of the small intestine. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 383-401 PubMed.
- Edmundson M A (2008) Local and regional anesthesia in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 211-226 PubMed.
- Meylan M (2008) Surgery of the bovine large intestine. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (3), 479-496 PubMed.
- Niehauss A J (2008) Rumentomy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 341-347 PubMed.
- Niehaus A J (2008) Surgery of the abomasum. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 349-358 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Wood P & Smith R (online) Flank Laparotomy. In: Vetlexicon Bovis. Vetstream Ltd, UK. Website: www.vetlexicon.com.
- Hendrickson D A & Baird A N (2013) Flank Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration. In: Turner and McIlwraith’s Techniques in Large Animal Surgery. Wiley Blackwell, USA. pp 212-215.
- Scott P, Penny C D & Macrae A I (2011) Diseases of the Digestive Tract and Abdomen. In: Cattle Medicine. Manson Publishing, UK. pp 59-93.
- Fubini S L & Ducharme N G (2004) Farm Animal Surgery. Eds: Fathman E M. Saunders, USA. pp 184-281.
- Noakes D E, Parkinson T J & England G C W (2001) The Caesarean Operation. In: Arthur’s Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. Eds: Bureau S. Saunders, USA. pp 341-363.